Distributed Charging Control of Electric Vehicles Considering Cooperative Factor in Photovoltaic Charging Station

Abstract

This paper proposes a charging control of electric vehicles (EVs) considering an EV charging cooperative factor concept. This concept is included in the objective function of EV that aims to reduce its charging cost. This concept is defined as a factor on the basis of EV's parameters and requirements, namely capacity, state-of-charge, charging power rate, demanded energy and departure time. Each EV is assumed to have to two working states, i.e., non-cooperative and cooperative. The value of the charging cooperative factor is at the highest value when it is on the non-cooperative state. While the value of the charging cooperative factor is less that the maximum in the cooperative stage, and thus it will allow the related EV shifts charging time slots to others without deteriorating its own changing cost to support other in-need EVs to charge. This introduces the cooperative relationship between EVs, i.e., EVs may cooperatively help each other in reducing their charging costs. The EV charging problem is treated as a generalized Nash equilibrium problem and the solution is reached in a distributed way by utilizing the consensus network. The simulation results proof the workability and effectiveness of the proposed distributed charging control reducing the charging cost of EVs.