Features of Changes in Blood Parameters of Some Laboratory Syndromes and their Constellations in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis with Disorders of Bone Mineral Density

Abstract

Introduction. Investigation of changes in certain laboratory blood parameters, and verification with their help of laboratory syndromes, and detection of constellations of laboratory syndromes in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC), which is possible for clinicians of all levels of medical care, need to clarify their features, which would suspect or verify disorders of bone mineral density (DBMD). The aim of the study. Investigate the features of changes in blood parameters of some laboratory syndromes and their constellations in patients with liver cirrhosis with disorders of bone mineral density. Materials and methods. 90 patients (27 women (30.0 %) and 63 men (70.0 %) aged 18 to 66 years) with LC were stratified into several groups: experimental (EG) (patients with LC with DBMD) (72 patients (80.0 %))), from which two subgroups were formed - EG A (patients with LC with osteopenia) (46 patients (63.9 %))), and EG B (patients with LC with osteoporosis) (26 patients (36.1 %)))) and the comparison group (CG) (patients with LC without DBMD) (18 patients (20.0 %))). Among the laboratory syndromes and their blood parameters were studied such as: cytolysis (increased in plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and/or aspartate aminotransferase (AST)), mesenchymal-inflammatory syndrome (increased thymol test (TT) and/or gamma-globulins), hepatocellular insufficiency (decreased fibrinogen, prothrombin index (PTI), total protein, or albumin), cholestasis (increased alkaline phosphatase (AP), gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP), total bilirubin), porto-systemic shunting (decreased sodium and/or potassium, and/or increased creatinine) and dyslipidemia (increased serum cholesterol, B-lipoproteins, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL)). The study was performed in three stages, the first of which studied the features of laboratory syndromes and blood parameters that characterize them, the second - constellations of laboratory syndromes, and the third - the simultaneous manifestation of a number of different laboratory syndromes in patients with LC with DBMD, osteopenia and osteoporosis. Each stage involved three steps: the first was to study the frequency of laboratory syndromes and their laboratory blood parameters in patients with LC and determine their share in each of the study groups, the second was to identify significant differences in the frequency of cases, and the third was to identify a direct stochastic relationship between the studied trait and DBMD, including osteopenia and osteoporosis. Results. After performing all three stages and each of the planned steps, it was found that laboratory syndromes and their constellations are more common among patients with bone lesions. However, there are statistically significant differences in the frequency of cases between EG and CG in the case of a decrease in HDL and the simultaneous manifestation of five different laboratory syndromes; between EG A and CG - decrease in HDL and simultaneous manifestation of two and three different laboratory syndromes; between EG B and CG - increase in AP, decrease in HDL and simultaneous manifestation of five different laboratory syndromes; between EG A and EG B - cytolysis syndrome, increase in AST, gamma-globulins, AP, constellation of cytolysis syndrome with hepatocellular insufficiency syndrome or cholestasis syndrome and constellation of all three syndromes. Confirmed direct stochastic association was found: with all manifestations of DBMD - increase in TT, a decrease in HDL, and constellations of cytolysis, mesenchymal-inflammatory and dyslipidemic syndrome, which may be supplemented by hepatocellular insufficiency syndrome and/or cholestasis syndrome; with osteopenia - increase in TT, increase in blood cholesterol, decrease in HDL, and constellations containing dyslipidemia syndrome and supplemented by mesenchymal-inflammatory, and/or cytolysis and/or hepatocellular insufficiency and/or cholestasis syndromes, and simultaneously only two laboratory syndromes in a patient with LC; with osteoporosis - increase in blood AST, TT, gamma-globulins, AP, decrease in PTI, potassium, HDL, the presence of cytolysis, cholestasis syndromes, constellations of cytolysis syndrome with hepatocellular insufficiency syndrome and/or cholestasis syndrome, which are supplemented by mesenchymal-inflammatory and dyslipidemic syndrome, and the simultaneous manifestation only three or five different laboratory syndromes. Conclusions. Laboratory syndromes, blood parameters that characterize them, and constellations of laboratory syndromes have certain features in patients with cirrhosis of the liver with disorders of bone mineral density, as in most cases are more common in patients with bone lesions and have a confirmed stochastic relationship with disorders of mineral density bone tissue in general, and osteopenia and osteoporosis separately. Keywords: cirrhosis, bone mineral density, osteopenia, osteoporosis, cytolysis, mesenchymal-inflammatory, hepatocellular insufficiency, cholestasis, porto-systemic shunting, dyslipidemia, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, thymol test, total protein, albumin, gamma-globulin, fibrinogen, prothrombin index, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, bilirubin, sodium, potassium, creatinine, cholesterol, B-lipoproteins, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins, high-density lipoproteins.