Effect of Coriolis Force on the Numerical Estimation of Water Level Elevation Due to a Catastrophic Cyclone along the Coast of Bangladesh

Abstract

A two-dimensional vertically integrated shallow water equation in the Cartesian coordinate model is used to estimate the water level considering the impact of Coriolis force. The shallow water model equation was discretized by a finite difference method (FDM). Consider the forwarding of time and central space as a moderator of this discretization. The model approximates coastal boundaries, small islands, small rivers and complex tributaries by an accurate stair step representation. The model equations are solved by a static semi-implicit finite difference technique where a structured Arakawa C-grid system is used as the condition. A one-way nested scheme technique is used to incorporate complex land-sea interfaces such as small offshore islands and water depths with sufficient accuracy as well as decreasing the computational cost. A stable tidal condition was created by applying M2 tidal forcing with the largest tide along the southern open boundary of the Bay of Bengal. The model uses the Coriolis force as an external force that can affect water buoyancy. The main task is to analyse the effect of Coriolis force on water buoyancy. The described model was applied to simulate sea-surface elevation associated with the severe cyclone in April 1991 that strike on the east coast of Bangladesh. We have found a significant impact of Coriolis force on surge height. However, the model gives an accurate numerical estimate of surge height.