Measurements of PM2.5 motor emission concentrations and the lung damages from the exposure mice

Abstract

Motor cycles grows very fast from year to year in the developing countries, especially in Indonesia. On the other sides, the emissions contribute to high pollutants in the air. In terms of PM2.5 emissions affect on human health. However the data of PM2.5 emitted by motorcycles are unavailable, and the relationship between PM2.5 containing in the motor smokes and the impacts on human health is also unknown. This study was aimed to investigate the impacts of PM2.5 in the motor cycle smokes on mice/s lung damages by conducting measurements of varied PM2.5 concentrations exposed to mice and observing the mice lung damages. The measurements of PM2.5 concentrations in the smokes were conducted by introducing motor cycle smokes in a chamber with the dimension of 30×20×20 cm3 with a pump with the varies of time. The PM2.5 concentrations were measured using a Kanomax 3443 Digital Dust Monitor. Investigation of the impacts PM2.5 on mice lung were carried out by placing mice in the chamber for smoke exposures with the varied concentrations of PM2.5 in the smokes for 100 s twice a day. The measurements of the mice lung damages were carried out by observing the normal and abnormal alveolus using a Binocular CX-31 Computer Microscope with 400x magnification after the mice experienced smoke exposures for two days. The results showed that longer time of introducing smokes in the chamber resulted in higher concentrations of PM2.5. The measured concentrations are found varied between 1.2 and 19.3 mg/m3 depending on the operating time and the motor sample. Higher concentration of PM2.5 in the smokes exposed to the mice caused more damages of the mice lung. The correlation is obtained in the second order polynomial function with the R2 > 0.9.