Grammatical Forms with Future Semantics in Russian and German

E. Bodnaruk, V. Beim
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Abstract

In this article the authors compare indicative grammatical forms to express future semantics in Russian and German. Thus, the main method of research is comparative analysis. Both languages have two specialized forms, with future as their primary meaning, and two forms for which this meaning is syntagmatic (secondary). The authors reveal, describe and explain similarities and differences in semantics, structure and functioning of these forms in the Russian and German direct speech, used in fictional texts. German has differentiation in specialized forms with ‘absolute’ and ‘relative’ use, while Russian has no such differentiation. In Russian, specialized tense forms with future meaning are opposed in terms of their aspect in imperfective aspect Future and perfective aspect Future, whereas in German it is only possible to talk about tendencies in use of Future forms with terminative verbs. In German, non-specialized forms with a secondary future meaning are more frequently used than specialized future forms. In Russian the reverse is true.
俄语和德语将来语义的语法形式
本文比较了俄语和德语表示将来语义的指示语法形式。因此,研究的主要方法是比较分析。两种语言都有两种特殊的形式,以“将来”为主要意思,还有两种形式以“将来”为次要意思。作者揭示、描述和解释了虚构文本中俄语和德语直接引语在语义、结构和功能上的异同。德语在“绝对”和“相对”用法的特殊形式上有区别,而俄语没有这种区别。在俄语中,具有将来意义的专一时态形式在未完成时将来和完成时将来的时态方面是相反的,而在德语中,只有在使用终结动词时才能谈论将来形式的使用趋势。在德语中,非专门化的将来时态比专门化的将来时态更常用。在俄罗斯,情况正好相反。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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