Broomrape intimidation to rapeseed-mustard production in semi-arid regions

Jat Rs, D. Sing
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Orobanche grows underground on the roots of rapeseed-mustard plant in response to germination stimulants secreted by host plant roots after 7-10 days of sowing. The minute size seeds can survive for few hours of life after germination, therefore quickly attach to a host root before their resources exhausted. The parasite attacks the host root through haustoriums and develops underground for about 25-40 days, after which depending upon conditions outside, produce the flowering stalks above ground and looks like a straw to purple coloured scales. It grows upto 15-30 cm in height in clusters above the ground. Orobanche plants are without leaves and upper 2/3 part of stem bears inflorescence which is rather sparse. Each flower bears a small capsule which contains 40,000 to 50,000 or even more minute seeds (0.15-0.5 mm long). The seeds remain viable in soil for up to 20 years (Figure 1). The germinating seed (host dependent seed conditioning and stimulation) produces a germ tube or radical which elongates chemotropically and forms a haustorium that is strongly attached to the plant vascular system.4,5 Life cycle of Orobanche has seed germination, haustorial initiation, attachment, penetration and establishment in the host and emergence of the flowering stalk above soil.6
半干旱区油菜对油菜生产的威胁
播种期7-10天后,寄主植物根系分泌的发芽刺激剂会对油菜-芥菜地下生长产生影响。微小的种子在发芽后可以存活几个小时,因此在资源耗尽之前迅速附着在寄主的根上。这种寄生虫通过吸器攻击寄主的根,在地下生长约25-40天,之后根据外界条件,在地面上产生开花的茎,看起来像一根稻草,有紫色的鳞片。它可以长到15-30厘米高,簇生在地上。无叶,茎上2/3部分花序稀疏。每朵花都有一个小胶囊,里面有4万到5万颗甚至更多的小种子(长0.15-0.5毫米)。种子在土壤中可存活长达20年(图1)。发芽的种子(寄主依赖的种子调节和刺激)产生胚管或胚根,胚管或胚根呈化学性伸长,并形成吸器,与植物维管系统紧密相连。4、5种子萌发、吸器起始、附着、在寄主体内渗透建立、开花茎在土壤上出苗的生命周期
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