Relationship Among Menopause and Diagnosis Age, Tumor Grade and Subtype, and Prevalence of ABO Blood Groups in Early-stage Endometrial Cancer

Abstract

Background: Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers, particularly in patients aged 60-70 years. Several studies have explored the potential of ABO blood groups as markers for early detection of different types of cancers; however, no conclusive study has been conducted for evaluating the effectiveness of ABO blood groups in early detection of EC. To determine the prevalence of the ABO blood groups in patients with EC, examine whether certain blood groups are highly associated with early-stage EC, and investigate the relationship between the ABO blood groups and clinical and pathological prognostic parameters in patients with EC. Materials and Methods: The prevalence of ABO blood groups in patients who were operated between 2010 and 2020 and diagnosed with atypical endometrial hyperplasia and non-metastatic, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics early stage (I and II) EC was investigated. Results: The blood group distribution of 575 patients in the study population was found to be A>O>B>AB, in order of frequency. The blood groups B, A, and AB were the most frequently found in women with atypical endometrial hyperplasia, endometrioid adenocarcinoma or uterine sarcoma, and non-endometrioid adenocarcinoma, respectively (p>0.05). The blood groups A, O, and B were the most common in grades 1, 2, and 3 EC tumors, respectively. Although the age of patients at menopause and diagnosis was found to be lower in those with the blood group AB than in the patients with other blood groups, no significant difference was found among the blood groups in terms of the mean age at diagnosis and menopause (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results indicate that blood groups have no diagnostic value in the early detection of EC, and hence, cannot be used to predict the risk of EC subtypes, tumor grade, or menopause age.