Punitive Damages Revisited: A Statistical Analysis of How Federal Circuit Courts Decide the Constitutionality of Such Awards

Hironari Momioka
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Abstract

Using the data of punitive damages decisions of U.S. federal circuit courts from 2004 to 2012, this paper attempts to establish empirically the following. (1) There is no apparent statistical difference between the levels of jury and judge awards. (2) U.S. Supreme Court decisions such as Philip Morris (2007) or Exxon (2008) do not actually or substantially affect the level of punitive damage awards. (3) With regard to the cases involving remittitur or reduction of awards, the Exxon decision did not radically affect the decreasing ratio of punitive to compensatory damage awards. (4) As the levels of compensatory awards go up, the ratio becomes strikingly low and stable. (5) Finally, the proportionality between punitive and compensatory awards is not the key factor that influences upper court judges when they consider the constitutionality of punitive damages. Unexplained portions of the relationship between the amount of punitive damages and the wealth of a defendant remain to be examined further.
重新审视惩罚性损害赔偿:联邦巡回法院如何决定此类裁决的合宪性的统计分析
本文利用2004年至2012年美国联邦巡回法院的惩罚性损害赔偿判决数据,试图从实证上确立以下几点。(1)陪审团和法官的评奖水平没有明显的统计学差异。(2)美国最高法院的判决,如菲利普莫里斯(2007)或埃克森(2008),实际上或实质上并不影响惩罚性损害赔偿的水平。(3)关于涉及撤销或减少赔偿的案件,埃克森案的判决并没有从根本上影响惩罚性赔偿与补偿性损害赔偿比例的下降。(4)随着补偿性奖励水平的提高,这一比例变得非常低且稳定。(5)最后,惩罚性赔偿与补偿性赔偿的比例并不是影响高等法院法官考虑惩罚性赔偿是否合宪性的关键因素。惩罚性损害赔偿数额与被告财产之间的部分关系尚待进一步研究。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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