Teamwork constructs in architectural design

Abstract

Architectural design is fundamentally collaborative in nature due to the large number and diversity of participants that are involved in most design projects. Using architectural design as the domain of interest, the paper motivates the need for articulating concepts at an appropriate degree of detail for developing future CSCW systems. The paper draws upon the studies of the architectural practice and empirical observations of students to propose a set of constructs that characterize design teams. These constructs, termed PRATOE, include projects, roles, actions, tools, outcomes and work environments.