{"title":"Examining Reception of GNSS Underwater using a Smartphone","authors":"Ma Yuan, Sherman Lo","doi":"10.33012/2022.18250","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"One of the limits of GNSS is in its use in the oceans and other bodies of water. While it can serve some ocean surface applications, its use for tracking marine life that rarely surfaces is limited. However, if we can understand how far underwater GNSS may be received, we can further extend its use envelope and perhaps enable it to serve more marine tracking applications. This paper examines the limits of GNSS reception underwater with measurements data from a smartphone as well as theoretical modeling. Different types of water (tap, distilled and salt) are examined as they have different electrical properties which affects the attenuation of the GNSS signals. The paper also examines the difference in smartphones L1 and L5 reception both on land and underwater. two GNSS frequencies, L1 and L5 see the effect of frequency on attenuation by Different forms of salt their effect. Our test results showed that GNSS can reasonably be received under 10 cm of freshwater. In salt the attenuation greater and with reliable reception found at 2.5 cm depth. Of utilized a are not high quality (efficiency) GNSS a better antenna, empirical results more loss than on","PeriodicalId":262695,"journal":{"name":"The International Technical Meeting of the The Institute of Navigation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"The International Technical Meeting of the The Institute of Navigation","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.33012/2022.18250","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
One of the limits of GNSS is in its use in the oceans and other bodies of water. While it can serve some ocean surface applications, its use for tracking marine life that rarely surfaces is limited. However, if we can understand how far underwater GNSS may be received, we can further extend its use envelope and perhaps enable it to serve more marine tracking applications. This paper examines the limits of GNSS reception underwater with measurements data from a smartphone as well as theoretical modeling. Different types of water (tap, distilled and salt) are examined as they have different electrical properties which affects the attenuation of the GNSS signals. The paper also examines the difference in smartphones L1 and L5 reception both on land and underwater. two GNSS frequencies, L1 and L5 see the effect of frequency on attenuation by Different forms of salt their effect. Our test results showed that GNSS can reasonably be received under 10 cm of freshwater. In salt the attenuation greater and with reliable reception found at 2.5 cm depth. Of utilized a are not high quality (efficiency) GNSS a better antenna, empirical results more loss than on