Hybrid ultrasound-RFID indoor positioning: Combining the best of both worlds

Abstract

Existing hybrid ultrasound/RF positioning systems usually measure ultrasonic time-of-flight. This operation requires a wide bandwidth and this makes it rather noise sensitive, limiting the useful range. Therefore a new system is proposed where only the room-indicating capability of ultrasound is utilized and combined with RF. A portable tag obtains the room location by receiving a narrow bandwidth signal from a stationary ultrasound transmitter. The result is then relayed back over RF. This combines the high accuracy of ultrasound to pin-point exactly the room location with the high communications capacity of RF that enables tracking of hundreds of simultaneously moving tags. Secondary parameters that may aid in refining the position such as ultrasound signal level and velocity may also be measured. In addition to the increased capacity, the use of portable receivers instead of transmitters, as in ultrasound-alone indoor positioning systems, also has the advantage of reduced user exposure to ultrasound due to the larger distance to the transmitters.