The role of «Prosvita» society in the formation of national consciousness of ukrainians of Galicia, Bukovyna and Transcarpathia

Mykhailo Yurii
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Abstract

The contribution of «Prosvita» society to the national self-awareness of the Ukrainians of Galicia, Bukovyna and Transcarpathia during the Austrian period attracted the attention of researchers and is still of scientific and public interest. The historical significance of «Prosvita» in the Ukrainian national revival (modern nation-building) of the 19th and early 20th centuries difficult to overestimate. Therefore, the article draws attention to the problem of the formation of national self-awareness as a necessary condition for the formation of a nation. It is noted that at the epicentre of national self-consciousness is a national symbol – a universal phenomenon that, in a sensibly perceived and realized form, expresses, preserves and broadcasts ideas about spiritual and material values that are fundamental to it development and functioning. The multifaceted activity of «Prosvita» in the last third of the 19th and early 20th centuries made it possible to overcome the Russophiles, Moscophiles worldview among a significant part of the Galician-Ukrainian society. The First World War played a special role in this, when during the Russian occupation of Galicia the political concept of Moscophiles was completely discredited. At the same time, the ideas of «Prosvita» confirmed their own viability, or relied on the broad masses of the people, the national self-assertion of Ukrainians as a separate nation.Based on the research problem, it is worth pointing out such a concept as the frontier. This is a scientific interdisciplinary discourse, on the basis of which the following processes are highlighted: spatial (taking into account regional and local differences), temporal (which makes it possible to trace the evolution of images of the region over time), political and cultural (the use of ethno-national stereotypes and myths). The subconscious level of perception of the border is especially important, since emotional stereotypes are formed on different sides of the border, which influence the appearance of aggressors and victims
普罗维塔社会在加利西亚、布科维纳和外喀尔巴阡地区乌克兰人民族意识形成中的作用
在奥地利时期,“普罗斯维塔”社会对加利西亚、布科维纳和外喀尔巴阡的乌克兰人的民族自我意识的贡献吸引了研究人员的注意,并且仍然是科学界和公众感兴趣的。“普罗维塔”在19世纪和20世纪初乌克兰民族复兴(现代国家建设)中的历史意义很难被高估。因此,本文关注作为民族形成的必要条件的民族自我意识的形成问题。人们注意到,民族自我意识的中心是一种民族象征- -这是一种普遍现象,它以一种明智地感知和实现的形式表达、保存和传播对其发展和运作至关重要的精神和物质价值观念。“普罗维塔”在19世纪最后三分之一和20世纪初的多方面活动使加利西亚-乌克兰社会的重要组成部分中的亲俄派和亲俄派世界观得以克服。第一次世界大战在这方面发挥了特殊的作用,当时在俄罗斯占领加利西亚期间,亲俄派的政治概念完全失去了信誉。与此同时,“普罗维塔”的思想证实了自己的可行性,或者依赖于广大人民群众,乌克兰人作为一个独立国家的民族自我主张。在研究问题的基础上,有必要提出“前沿”这一概念。这是一种科学的跨学科话语,在此基础上强调了以下过程:空间(考虑到区域和地方差异),时间(这使得有可能追踪该地区图像随时间的演变),政治和文化(使用种族-国家的刻板印象和神话)。潜意识层面对边界的感知尤为重要,因为情感上的刻板印象是在边界的不同方面形成的,这会影响侵略者和受害者的外表
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