Основні етапи становлення інститутів державної влади і права Давнього Китаю

Abstract

The article is devoted to the generalizing given the principles of power, management and development of law, formed at the initial stage of the formation of Chinese civilization. The chronological framework of the origin of the Chinese civilization in the ancient period and the main periods of the history of Ancient China are determined. The main features of the despotic form of government, the stages of the feudal hierarchy and the hierarchy of higher dignitaries, the principle of transferring the main political and legal principles from one dynasty to another, the importance of the reforms of Shang Yang and Wang Man in the process of strengthening the central government are analyzed. Against the background of the study of significant monographic literature, conclusions were drawn about the formation of the Qin Empire as a pivotal event in the history of Ancient China. The lack of balance in the repressive and permissive policy caused widespread discontent among the masses and a wave of large-scale peasant uprisings, which from time to time destroyed the power of the dynasties. The consequence was the political disintegration of Ancient China. The key idea around which the state and law are formed is the idea of harmony between heaven, earth and people and the observance of natural laws. It is from the period of the ancient Chinese dynasties that the doctrine of Confucianism has been the foundation of the Chinese society and has become a kind of quintessence of Chinese civilization.