Intelligent Building Evacuation under Consideration of Temporary Events and Dynamic Fire Propagation

Abstract

In this work, three different algorithms are examined for the evacuation of smart buildings, in particular a Static Evacuation Algorithm (SEA), a Dynamic Evacuation Algorithm (DEA) and a Fire Dynamic Algorithm (FDA). The Static Evacuation Algorithm represents the shortest path out of the building to a safe area. The Dynamic Algorithm calculates the optimal escape route based on the current position and position of a detected fire hazard. The Fire Dynamic escape route predicts how fast the fire will spread and includes this into the calculation of the escape route. The used simulation environment is based on the cross-platform game engine Unity3D and a building model was created using the building plan of the main building at the Campus Minden of University of Applied Sciences Bielefeld, Germany. We found that our proposed FDA performed 31.64% better than the SEA and 23.8% better than the DEA in terms of the hazard area over a minimally longer distance.