Double Layers Quantum Key Distribution with Ability to Against PNS Attacks

Abstract

This paper presents a modified quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol with its advantage ability to against the photon number splitting (PNS) strategy. As a result of the proposed protocol with the specified parameters of $k =$ 1024 bits, $y =$ 10 bits, and the round repeating of n = 10, the eavesdropper can achieve the correct information with a probability of only 1.97 $\times$ 10$^{-31}$. Moreover, the proposed protocol allows each the photon pulse can consist of a few of photons, which is valuable to the maximize photon number of $\mu=$ 1 and resulting in a significant higher useful bit rate. From the simulation results, the obtained useful bits rates for each the photon pulse of 800 nm, 1300 nm, and 1550 nm, are approximately of 242.2 kbit/s, 7.4 Mbit/s, and 119.8 kBit/s, can be achieved at the distances of 20 km, 60 km, and 120 km, respectively. The QKD system parameters for each the considered wavelength are specified as: the photon pulses rate of 1 GHz and 10 GHz, the photon number of $\mu=$0.1 and 1.0, The attenuations of 2.0, 0.35, and 0.25 dB/km, the detector efficiencies of 50%, 20%, and 10%, with the dark count probabilities of 10$^{-7}$, 10$^{-5}$, and 10$^{-5}$, respectively. The potential of using such the proposed protocol with a double layers QKD system is performed and discussed.