Onomatopes as motivators of proto-lingual exclusives

Abstract

Background. The article is devoted to the semantic and word-formation evolution of Proto-Slavic dialectal verbal onomatopes. Being a linguistic universal, onomatopoeia are realized in words that have a national specifics due to idioethnic characteristics, cul-ture and traditions of the speakers of Slavic languages and dialects. The analysis of on-omatopes was carried out taking into account the attention paid of modern Slavic studies to changes in the semantic structure of the word, their causes and local characteristics. The relevance of the topic is due to the need to study the vocabulary of the Proto-Slavic age, to classify its semantic transformations in synchronic and diachronic aspects. Purpose. To establish regularities of semantic and derivational evolution of Proto-Slavic dialectisms on the material of onomatopoeic fragment of vocabulary; analyze se-mantic history of Proto-Slavic onomatopoeic word stems and specifics of acoustic sig-nals reflection in proto-lingual dialects. The object of research is Proto-Slavic local-isms, motivated by verbs of onomatopoeic origin with proto-stems *l’uх- / *l’uš-, *gъd-, *loр- / *lар-, *lob- / *lаb-, *lup-, *ba-, *kle(p)-, *tor-, *cvik-, *bux-, *rju- / *re-. The paper mainly focuses on the linguistic zones of Slavia, which have retained the lexemes unchanged from the common proto-language to the present day. One of the ways to reconstruct the dialectal structure of the Proto-Slavic language is to recreate the Proto-Slavic dialectisms – reflexes of proto-language concentrated in the peripheral zones of Slavia, which have retained their phonetic, morphological and semantic fea-tures unchanged. Results. The regularities of formation of Proto-Slavic dialectal ono-matopoeic vocabulary in semantic, derivational and linguo-geographical aspects are re-vealed in the work; systematization and comparison of Proto-Slavic deverbatives are improved; the semantic, derivational and localization approaches to modeling of ono-matopes are combined in a fundamentally new way; new information on the participa-tion of dialect vocabulary in the conceptualization of the sound reality is obtained. Most of the proto-lingual onomatopes have gone through the deriva-tional path from the onomatopoeic elements of the proto-language to the verb stages and, with the help of suffixes, to the names of subjects, objects, definitions and pro-cesses. Bulgarian onomatopoeic reflections of the Proto-Slavic language are concentrated mainly in the western region, Croatian – in the southern, Macedonian – in the peripheral areas of the northern and eastern regions of the country. The zones of dis-tribution of local onomatopes of the eastern Slavia are most often recorded in the north-ern east of european part of Russia and the north of Belarus. Separate semantic components of the South Slavic dialectal derivation show a specific relationship with the dialects of other Slavic areas. Outside of their area, the Proto-Slavic reflexes correlate with the Lithuanian, Latvian and Germanic equiva-lents. The obtained data can form a basis for the reconstruction of the Proto-Slavic lan-guage. Key-words: Proto-Slavic dialectism, deverbative vocabulary, semantic transformations, models of semantic derivation, isoglosses, onomatope. Dal', V. I., 1981. An explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language, 1–4. 8-e izd. Moskva: Russkij yazyk. (In Russian) Zhelehovskij, Ye. ta Nedyilskij, S, 1886. Malorusko-nyimeckij slovar, 1–2. Lviv. (In Ukrainian) Melnychuk, O. S., Kolomiiets, V. T., Lukinova, T. B., Pivtorak, H. P. ta in., 1982–2012. Etymological dictionary of the Ukrainian language, 1–5. Kyiv: Naukova Dumka. (In Ukrainian) Fasmer, M., 1987. Etymological dictionary of the Russian language, 3. Moskva: Progress. (In Russian) Trubachev, O. N., Varbot, Zh. Zh., Zhuravlev, A. F., Kurkina, L. V. ta іn., 1974–2014. Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages: Pre-Slavic lexical fund, 1–39. Moskva: Nauka, IRYA RAN. (In Russian) Erhart, А. and Havlová, Е., eds., 2006. Etymological dictionary of the Old Slavic lan-guage, 13. Praha: nakl. Československé akad. vĕd. (In Slovak) Skok, P., 1973. Etymological dictionary of the Croatian or Serbian language, 3. Za-greb: JAZU. (In Croatian)