The Splendid Durability of the Provisional: A Tribute to Euratom

J. Handrlica
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Sixty years ago, on 1 January 1958, the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community of 1957 entered into force. In contrast to the Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community of 1951, the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community of 1957 did not provide for any explicit limitation of the Community’s existence in its provisions. As a consequence, the key provisions of the Treaty, establishing the Community’s powers and competences, have remained virtually untouched until today. This article analyses this Community from three different perspectives. Firstly, attention is paid to the clauses enabling prospective amendments, adjustments, and further specifi cation of the scope of application. Consequently, it is argued that to some extent the Community was originally designed as a ‘provisional’ one.  Secondly, the article deals with those provisions of the Euratom Treaty which originally provided for certain competences of the Community in nuclear research, the supply of ores, source materials and special fi ssile materials and the insurance of nuclear liability. Due to the fact that these competences have never been used, it is argued that from this perspective the Euratom Community can be viewed as a ‘static’ Community. Thirdly, the extensive interpretation of the Euratom competences in the area of health and safety by the Court of Justice will be addressed. Based on this extensive interpretation, the Euratom Community launched its legislative activity in the area of nuclear safety in order to address this key issue of peaceful use of nuclear energy. From this perspective, the Community is to be regarded a ‘flexible’ one. The 60th anniversary of the Euratom Treaty represents a good opportunity to revisit in detail the characteristic features of the Euratom Community from these different perspectives.
临时协议的辉煌持久性:向欧洲原子能共同体致敬
60年前,1958年1月1日,1957年建立欧洲原子能共同体的条约生效。与1951年建立欧洲煤钢共同体的条约不同,1957年建立欧洲原子能共同体的条约在其条款中没有对共同体的存在作出任何明确的限制。因此,直到今天,《条约》中规定共同体权力和权限的关键条款几乎没有受到影响。本文从三个不同的角度来分析这个社区。首先,应注意允许对适用范围进行未来修订、调整和进一步规定的条款。因此,有人认为,在某种程度上,共同体最初被设计为一个“临时”共同体。第二,该条涉及《欧洲原子能共同体条约》中最初规定共同体在核研究、矿石、源材料和特殊裂变材料的供应以及核责任保险方面的某些权限的那些条款。由于这些能力从未被使用过,有人认为从这个角度来看,欧洲原子能共同体可以被视为一个“静态”共同体。第三,将讨论法院对欧洲原子能机构在健康和安全领域的权限的广泛解释。基于这一广泛的解释,欧洲原子能共同体在核安全领域开展了立法活动,以解决和平利用核能这一关键问题。从这个角度来看,共同体应该被视为一个“灵活的”共同体。《欧洲原子能共同体条约》60周年是一个很好的机会,可以从这些不同的角度详细回顾欧洲原子能共同体的特点。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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