Coordinated Frequency Based Demand Side Management Scheme with Active Power Curtailment of Solar PV in a Battery Hybrid Stand-Alone Microgrid

Abstract

Maintaining frequency in a stand-alone micro-grid is a more challenging task due to its less inertia. The intermittent nature of renewable energy sources also may lead to unbalance in the network with sudden load changes. With micro-grids operating as subsets of the larger regional electric power grid, they ensure a stable and reliable functioning. To perpetuate its resiliency, an optimal control strategy becomes necessary. This paper presents an efficient, coordinated frequency control solution in a stand-alone hybrid micro-grid to maintain the microgrid frequency adhering to IEEE Std. 1547. A significant portion of this paper comprises two-stage integration of solar photovoltaic with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) having a PV power curtailment algorithm to curtail the excess power during surplus availability of irradiance and a Battery Energy Storage System to deliver uninterrupted power. The efficacy of the control algorithm is demonstrated through the implementation of a 5-bus standalone micro-grid and validated the results considering different case studies on a Matlab/Simulink environment.