Analogue Missions Performed in the Interests of Crewed Flights to Deep Space: CAVES, PANGAEA, :ENVIHAB, ESOL

Abstract

The paper reviews analogue missions performed by ESA in the interests of crewed flights to deep space. The following projects are considered here: the CAVES project is designed to study and mature technologies in caves; the PANGAEVA project is designed to work out the programs for geological training of astronauts and the technologies in an impact crater, canyon and volcanic island; the :envihab project is designed to examine humans using multifunctional modular medical research complex; and the ESOL project is designed to develop lunar missions using the complex of artificial lunar counterparts. The objectives, tasks and research lines are analyzed for each project.