Gestalt Theory

Theories and Applications of Counseling and Psychotherapy: Relevance Across Cultures and Settings Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI:10.4135/9781412972024.n1103

Stephen E. Palmer

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引用次数: 116

Abstract

The Gestalt school of psychological thought originated in Germany early in the 20 th century (for a comprehensive review, see Koffka, 1935). It is best known for its theoretical and empirical contributions to understanding the organization of perceptual experience, including the nature of perceived groups, objects, parts, properties, and the relations among them, but was extended to address issues concerning problem solving Gestalt theory, ideas about perceptual organization were dominated by the Structuralist proposal, derived primarily from British Empiricist philosophy, that complex perceptions were constructed from atoms of elementary sensation and unified by associations due to spatiotemporal contiguity. Gestalt theorists rejected both atomism and associationism, arguing forcefully that perceptual experience was intrinsically holistic and organized. In addition to the theoretical ideas outlined below, Gestalt psychologists made many important empirical contributions to understanding the structure of perceptual experience, including seminal studies of perceptual grouping, figure-ground organization, frames of

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格式塔理论

心理思想的格式塔学派起源于20世纪初的德国(全面回顾，见科夫卡，1935)。它最为人所知的是对理解知觉经验组织的理论和经验贡献，包括感知群体、对象、部分、属性的性质以及它们之间的关系，但它被扩展到解决问题的格式塔理论，关于知觉组织的观点主要由结构主义提议主导，主要来源于英国经验主义哲学，复杂的感知是由基本感觉的原子构成的，并且由于时空的连续性而被关联统一。格式塔理论家拒绝原子论和联想主义，有力地论证了感知经验本质上是整体的和有组织的。除了下面概述的理论观点外，格式塔心理学家对理解感知经验的结构做出了许多重要的实证贡献，包括对感知分组、图形-背景组织、框架的开创性研究

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Theories and Applications of Counseling and Psychotherapy: Relevance Across Cultures and Settings

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