Calcium-binding proteins: an overview.

Journal de biologie buccale Pub Date : 1991-03-01
S Weinman
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Abstract

In order to understand the mechanism of the various responses evoked by calcium in the cell, the identification and characterization of a number of calcium receptors were undertaken within the past two decades. Advances in amino acid sequence and protein three-dimensional structure led to the description of two families of calcium-binding proteins, the EF-hand homolog family and the annexin family. The EF-hand motif consists of two alpha helices, "E" and "F", joined by a Ca(2+)-binding loop. EF-hands have been identified in numerous Ca(2+)-binding proteins by similarity of amino acid sequence and confirmed in some crystal structures. Functional EF-hands seem always to occur in pairs. To date, the EF-hand homolog family contains more than 160 different Ca(2+)-modulated proteins which have a broad range of functions. Among them, are the calmodulin, the troponin C, the myosin regulatory light chain, the parvalbumin, the S-100 proteins and the calbindins 9- and 28 kDa. The most striking feature of the EF-hand family is the ability to modulate the activity of a number of enzymes. Several groups have identified proteins from various tissues that show calcium-dependent binding to membranes. These proteins, termed annexins have a molecular weight of 35- or 67 kDa. The amino acid sequences of the members of the annexin family show that each protein contains conserved internal repeats of about 70 amino acids each. The 35 kDa annexins contain four repeats, which show a high degree of homology with each other and with the repeat sequences of the other proteins. These repeats correspond to structural domains with a similar fold.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

钙结合蛋白综述。
为了了解钙在细胞中引起的各种反应的机制,在过去的二十年里,人们对许多钙受体进行了鉴定和表征。在氨基酸序列和蛋白质三维结构方面的进展导致了两个钙结合蛋白家族的描述,EF-hand同源家族和膜联蛋白家族。EF-hand基序由两个α螺旋“E”和“F”组成,由一个Ca(2+)结合环连接。通过氨基酸序列的相似性,已经在许多Ca(2+)结合蛋白中发现了ef -hand,并在一些晶体结构中得到了证实。功能性ef手似乎总是成对出现。迄今为止,EF-hand同源家族包含160多种不同的Ca(2+)调节蛋白,这些蛋白具有广泛的功能。其中包括钙调蛋白、肌钙蛋白C、肌球蛋白调节轻链、小白蛋白、S-100蛋白和钙结合蛋白9-和28 kDa。EF-hand家族最显著的特征是能够调节许多酶的活性。一些研究小组已经从不同的组织中发现了钙依赖于细胞膜的蛋白质。这些蛋白质被称为膜联蛋白,分子量为35或67 kDa。膜联蛋白家族成员的氨基酸序列表明,每种蛋白质都含有大约70个氨基酸的保守内部重复序列。35 kDa的膜联蛋白包含4个重复序列,相互之间以及与其他蛋白的重复序列具有高度的同源性。这些重复序列对应于具有相似褶皱的结构域。(摘要删节250字)
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