Possibilities to Obtain Higher Education in Germany for Latvian Baltic German Students

Rudolfs Rubenis
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Abstract

With the formation of the Parliamentary Republic of Latvia in the early 1920s, higher education in Latvia underwent the changes that affected the Baltic Germans. The necessity to obtain higher education in the Latvian language was perceived with mixed feelings, and the interest in the establishment and development of the University of Latvia (UL) and involvement in the reorganisation of the Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI) went hand in hand with the reluctance to accept the full Latvianization of higher education. In the circumstances, the students used contacts established by their student corporations and sought for higher education in Germany, where it could be obtained in German but later equated to the higher education obtained in Latvia. Thus, the aim of the article is to evaluate the possibilities for the Baltic German students from the parliamentary state of Latvia (1920–1934) to study in German universities. The research is based on the documents of UL and Baltic German student corporations from the Latvian State Historical Archive (LVVA), Baltic German student corporation press (journals and anniversary books) kept in the UL Library, UL activity reports (1924–1931) stored in UL Museum history collection and available research on the Baltic German minority in the Parliamentary Republic of Latvia. The study showed that during the parliamentary period, the Latvian Baltic Germans used the state granted minority rights to find alternative ways to obtain higher education in German. The parliamentary system did not discriminate against the Baltic Germans for their use of the German language and allowed them to study in Germany but demanded that their diplomas be equated with the diploma obtained at the UL. The contacts established by student corporations helped Baltic German students to better integrate into the German study environment offering accommodation on the premises of student corporations in Germany. At the same time, additional knowledge through lectures on the political situation of Baltic Germans in the parliamentary state of Latvia did not allow them losing their historical connection with the Baltic region.
拉脱维亚波罗的海德国学生在德国接受高等教育的可能性
随着20世纪20年代初拉脱维亚议会制共和国的成立,拉脱维亚的高等教育经历了影响波罗的海德国人的变化。人们对接受拉脱维亚语高等教育的必要性感到喜忧参半,对建立和发展拉脱维亚大学(UL)和参与重组里加理工学院(RPI)的兴趣与不愿接受高等教育的完全拉脱维亚化同时出现。在这种情况下,学生们利用他们的学生公司建立的联系,在德国寻求高等教育,在德国可以用德语获得高等教育,但后来等同于在拉脱维亚获得高等教育。因此,本文的目的是评估来自议会国家拉脱维亚的波罗的海德国学生(1920-1934)在德国大学学习的可能性。这项研究是基于拉脱维亚国家历史档案馆(LVVA)的UL和波罗的海德国学生公司的文件,保存在UL图书馆的波罗的海德国学生公司出版社(期刊和周年纪念册),UL博物馆历史收藏中的UL活动报告(1924-1931)以及拉脱维亚议会共和国波罗的海德国少数民族的现有研究。研究表明,在议会期间,拉脱维亚的波罗的海德国人利用国家授予的少数民族权利寻找其他途径获得德语高等教育。议会制度不歧视使用德语的波罗的海德国人,并允许他们在德国学习,但要求他们的文凭与在维也纳大学获得的文凭等同。学生社团建立的联系帮助波罗的海的德国学生更好地融入德国的学习环境,在德国的学生社团提供住宿。与此同时,通过关于拉脱维亚议会国家的波罗的海日耳曼人的政治局势的讲座而获得的更多知识并没有使他们失去与波罗的海地区的历史联系。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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