Potential Application of PVDF/CoFe2O4 Nanocomposites as Self-powered Piezoelectric Plantar Pressure Sensors

Abstract

This paper discusses the use of flexible nanogenerators as plantar pressure sensors, specifically focusing on the development of a sensor based on PVDF-TrFE/CoFe2O3 nanocomposites with a multilayer-graphene/gold top electrode (MGGE). The study highlights the importance of biomechanical sensors in healthcare, particularly in detecting changes in gait patterns that may arise from non-musculoskeletal irregularities in the body. The paper provides an overview of the different types of foot sensor technologies used for pressure monitoring, with a focus on piezoelectric force sensors. The use of PVDF-TrFE, a type of piezoelectric polymer, is discussed, along with techniques for enhancing its piezoelectric response. The results of the study demonstrate improved piezoelectric capabilities of the proposed nanogenerator, with a final piezoelectric coefficient d33 of 34 pm/V, which is in excellent agreement with the average value obtained by Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM) d33 = (33.99 ± 5.12) pm/V. The proposed sensor has the potential to be used in the diagnosis and treatment of motor-related issues in diabetes, podiatry, and rehabilitation.