Analysis of a Biological Ultrasonic Sensory System

Abstract

A mathematical model is developed to examine the ability of American shad to detect ultrasound. The preliminary model is integral in obtaining a thorough understanding of the impact of the swimbladder and unique structures in the inner ear of the American shad on auditory sensitivity. Behavioral studies have already shown that a few fish species, including American shad (Alosa sapidissima) can detect ultrasonic frequencies up to 200 kHz (Dunning et.al., 1992; Nestler, Ploskey, and Pickery, 1992; Mann, Lu, and Popper, 1997; Mann, et. al 1998; Popper et.al, 1999). Although the auditory mechanisms involved are yet to be determined, all evidence obtained from this initial model suggests that the inner ear and auditory processing system play a key role. Once fully completed, such a model can be used to initiate development of a man-made sensor with similar capabilities of the shad ear for use in vivo clinical procedures using ultrasound.