EX-CCII based FOPID controller for electric vehicle speed control

Abstract

The paper presents a fractional analog scheme using an Extra-X second-generation current conveyor (EX-CCII) to realize a fractional-order PID (FOPID) controller. The FOPID controller is designed for an electric vehicle speed control application, considering a second-order model of the electric vehicle. The controller parameters are designed using the Astrom-Hagglund (AH) tuning technique. The order of integrator and differentiator stages are obtained by using the Neider-Mead (NM) optimization technique. The circuit is realized using a single active element and RC network. The controller performance parameters are evaluated using the LTspice simulator for TSMC 0.35 μm CMOS process.