Political leadership in the context of local self-government reform in Chelyabinsk: political and psychological analysis

V. Zorin
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Abstract

Introduction. The paper contains political and psychological profiles of the local self-government deputies in the city of Chelyabinsk. The purpose of the study is to examine how municipal reform in 2014 influenced institutional opportunities for creating a new model of political leadership in terms of its effectiveness on political and psychological level. Methods. The author’s approach is based on the combination of political and psychological techniques, such as qualitative content analysis, psychobiography and in-depth interview (for assessing politicians’ images in mass consciousness). Scientific novelty. The author presumes that political leadership is a complex phenomenon based on institutional and psychological factors. Its institutional framework for the purpose of the research is determined by the municipal reform. The deputies’ psychological profiles are viewed as individual patterns of political behavior shaped as a result of adopting individual psychological characteristics to the demands of political role presumed by the reform’s conceptual foundations. Results. The data contain evidence that political and psychological profiles of the deputies under analysis in general lack features which make it possible to uncover the institutional potential of the reform. A new model of political leadership presumed by the reform’s conception was supposed to possess such attributes as: 1) widening political representation; 2) enhancing effectiveness of communication between leaders and followers; 3) depoliticizing agenda. The analysis shows that deputies elected under reform on the “inner” level are rigid and reproduce inertial model of political behavior. On the “outer” level their perception is superficial and does not have explicit potential to improve due to revealed unconscious parameters. Conclusions. Two electoral cycles within the reform did not fully reveal the leadership potential of the deputies. Therefore, the perspectives of its prolongation are viewed by the author as highly problematic.
车里雅宾斯克地方自治改革背景下的政治领导:政治与心理分析
介绍。该文件包含车里雅宾斯克市地方自治政府代表的政治和心理概况。本研究的目的是考察2014年城市改革在政治和心理层面上的有效性如何影响创造一种新的政治领导模式的制度机会。方法。作者的方法是基于政治和心理学技术的结合,如定性内容分析,心理传记和深度访谈(用于评估政治家在大众意识中的形象)。科学的新奇。作者认为,政治领导是一种基于制度和心理因素的复杂现象。其制度框架的研究目的是由城市改革决定的。人大代表的心理特征被视为个体的政治行为模式,是改革理念基础所预设的政治角色要求与个体心理特征相适应的结果。结果。数据中有证据表明,所分析的代表的政治和心理概况一般缺乏能够揭示改革的体制潜力的特征。改革构想所假定的一种新的政治领导模式应具有以下特点:1)扩大政治代表性;2)提高领导者与追随者之间沟通的有效性;3)去政治化议程。分析表明,在“内在”层面上,改革产生的代表具有刚性,再现了政治行为的惯性模式。在“外部”层面上,他们的感知是肤浅的,由于揭示的无意识参数而没有明确的改善潜力。结论。改革中的两次选举周期并没有充分显示代表们的领导潜力。因此,作者认为其延长的观点是非常有问题的。
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