Association between heart failure severity and mobility in geriatric patients: an in-clinic study with wearable sensors.

Abstract

BACKGROUND Individuals with heart failure (HF) frequently experience limitations in mobility, but specific aspects of these limitations are not well understood. This study investigated the association of HF severity, based on the New York Heart Association (NYHA) classes, with digital mobility outcomes (DMOs) and handgrip strength in older inpatients with HF. METHODS For this explorative analysis, hospital admission and discharge data from an ongoing, prospective cohort study were used. The sample included older participants with HF and a sub-sample of heart-healthy individuals. Participants were equipped with a wearable inertial measurement unit (IMU) system during mobility performance (balancing, sit-to-stand transfer, walking). We analyzed the association between 17 DMOs and HF severity with multiple linear regression models. RESULTS The total sample included 61 older participants (65-97 years of age, 55.7% female). Of all DMOs, only sway path in a semi-tandem stance position (m/s²) showed a relevant association with NYHA classes (admission: β = -0.28, P = 0.09; discharge: β = -0.39, P = 0.02). Handgrip strength showed a trend towards a significant association (admission: β = -0.15, P = 0.10; discharge: β = -0.15, P = 0.19). CONCLUSIONS This is to our best knowledge the first analysis on the association of HF severity and IMU-based DMOs. Sway path and handgrip strength may be the most promising parameters for monitoring mobility aspects in treatment of HF.