Sex and Conception Probability

J. Konje, O. Ladipo
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Abstract

Central to the survival of any species is the ability to procreate. In most cases, procreation is sexual, involving a process that ensures appropriate and timed contact between the male and female gametes. Successful human reproduction is premised on sexual intercourse occurring at a time when there is a receptive endometrium as well as an ovum ready for fertilization by spermatozoa. This time window of the menstrual cycle known as the fertile or fecund window is poorly defined and highly variable from one individual to another. Furthermore, while spermatogenesis is a continuous process, the impact of too frequent intercourse (defined as that occurring more than every 2 to 3 days) on fertilization has often been thought to be associated with a decreased fertilization potential of spermatozoa. Current evidence challenges previously held views on the fertile window and how it is determined, the timing of intercourse and how it is related to conception and miscarriages, the length of the luteal phase, and the precise time period during which the chances of fertilization are highest in any given menstrual cycle. The ability of spermatozoa to survive in the female genital tract for 5 days means fertilization can occur up to 5 days from sexual intercourse. During each menstrual cycle, there is a window of 5 to 6 days for fertilization to occur, and this period is defined not by the length of the cycle but by the timing of ovulation, with the chances of fertilization highest with intercourse occurring 1 to 2 days before ovulation.
性别与受孕概率
任何物种生存的核心是繁殖能力。在大多数情况下,生殖是有性的,这一过程确保了雄性和雌性配子之间适当和适时的接触。成功的人类生殖的前提是性交发生时,有一个接受子宫内膜和卵子准备受精的精子。月经周期的这个时间窗口被称为“可育期”或“可育期”,定义不清,而且因人而异。此外,虽然精子发生是一个连续的过程,但过于频繁的性交(定义为每2至3天发生一次以上)对受精的影响通常被认为与精子受精潜力的降低有关。目前的证据挑战了以前关于生育窗口期及其确定方式、性交时间及其与受孕和流产的关系、黄体期的长度,以及在任何给定的月经周期中受精机会最高的确切时间段的观点。精子在女性生殖道中存活5天的能力意味着受精可以在性交后5天内发生。在每个月经周期中,受精发生的窗口期为5至6天,这段时间不是由周期的长短决定的,而是由排卵的时间决定的,在排卵前1至2天发生性交,受精的机会最高。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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