Çaltı Çayı Yukarı Havzası’nın (Kangal Doğusu) Jeomorfolojisi (Geomorphology of the Upper Basin of Çaltı Stream, East of Kangal)

Abstract

Turkish Abstract: Inceleme alani, Turkiye’nin onemli Neojen havzalarindan birini olusturan Uzunyayla Platosu’nun dogusunda, Firat’in onemli kollarindan Calti Cayi’nin Yukari Havzasi’ni kapsamaktadir. Jeolojik bir havza olan Uzunyayla Paltosu, morfolojik olarak iki farkli havzaya ayrilmaktadir. Bu platonun bati bolumu Uzunyayla Havzasi’ni, dogusu ise Kangal Havzasi’ni olusturmaktadir. Kangal Havzasi’nin dogusunda yer alan inceleme alani, kuzey ve guneyden ters faylarla sinirlandirilmis oldugundan bir dag arasi havzasidir. K-G dogrultulu sikisma rejimi etkisinde kalan inceleme alani surekli yukselmistir. Yukselmeye neden olan bindirmeler Alt Pliyosen’e kadar etkili oldugu icin genc tektonigin Pliyosen’de basladigi bir alandir. Ust Miyosen-Pliyosen boyunca surekli sedimantasyon alani ozelligini koruyan havzada, kalinligi yer yer 200 m’yi bulan yatay yapili golsel ve akarsu olusuklari birikmistir. Kuzey ve guneyde daglik alanlar uzerinde havzanin farkli donemlerdeki taban seviyesine gore belli yukseltilerde asinim yuzeyleri gelismistir. Neotektonik donemde daglik alanlar KDGB dogrultusunda sol yanal atimli faylarla dilimlenmistir. Bu faylar da KB-GD dogrultusunda sag yanal atimli ikincil faylarla kesilmistir. Calti Cayi Yukari Havzasi, yatay yapili dolgularin yarilmasiyla olusan ortalama 1650 m yukseltilerinde yapisal bir platodur. Bu havzada, kivrimli, kirikli, yatay ve monoklinal yapida gelisen yer sekillerini de gormek mumkundur. Havza dolgularinin yarilmasiyla tipik yapi platosu, kornis ve mesalar olusmustur. Fay hatlari boyunca; otelenmis sirt ve vadiler, fay diklikleri, fay facetalari, fay golleri (Sag-pont), sicak su kaynaklari ve kutle hareketleri gelismistir. English Turkish: Research area include the Upper Basin of Calti Stream which is the one of the important branches of Firat in the east of Uzunyayla Plateau which constitutes one of the important Neogen basins in Turkey. Uzunyayla Plateau which is a geological basin, has been divided in two parts as a morphological unit. The west part of this Plateau constitutes Uzunyayla Basin and the east part constitutes Kangal Basin. The limitation of reverse fault from North and South caused the construction of intra mountaine basin. This basin is the research area which locates in the east of Kangal Basin. The research area which is affected by the pressure regime in strike of N-S has rised, continuously. Rising depends on thrusts. This condition had been effective until early Pliocene. For this reason, neo-tectonic started in Pliocene. The basin had indicated the characteristics of sedimentation area during Upper Miocene-Pliocene. There are lacustrine and river formation in Basin. The thicknesses of these formations are approximately 200 m. Erosional surfaces developed at specific heights in highland at the North and the South, according to base-level of the Basin in different periods. Highlands were sliced by left lateral faults in the strike of NE-SW. These faults were cut by the secondary right lateral faults in the strike of NW-SE. Upper Basin of Catli Stream is a structural Plateau which is approximately 1650 m in height formed by splitting cores on horizontal structure. Geomorphological units can be seen in curled, faulty, horizontal and monoclinal structure at the Basin. Typical structur plateau, cornish and mesa are formed by splitting cores. Offset ridge and valley, fault scarps, sag-pont, triangular facets, thermal sources and mass movements had developed throughout faults.