Systematics of Nearctic Scythrididae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea): phylogeny and classification of supraspecific taxa, with a review of described species.

J. Landry
{"title":"Systematics of Nearctic Scythrididae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea): phylogeny and classification of supraspecific taxa, with a review of described species.","authors":"J. Landry","doi":"10.4039/ENTM123160FV","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Genera and previously described species of Nearctic Scythrididae are revised for the first time, based on the study of adult structures. About 90 percent of the Nearctic fauna known in collections consists of undescribed species. The supraspecific taxa treated in this work encompass less than half of the Nearctic species diversity. Only six new species are described, all within the largest and structurally most diverse genus. The status of all nominal species is revised. Valid species are redescribed and their features illustrated. General problems in the systematics of the Scythrididae are discussed. A description of adult features of the family Scythrididae is providad. Extra-limital genera are briefly reviewed. A key to the Nearctic genera and informal supraspecific lineages is provided.Six genera, including three new, are treated: Areniscythris Powell, 1976, Arotrura Walsingham, 1888, Asymmetrura gen. nov., Neoscythris gen. nov., Rhamphura gen. nov., and Scythris s. str. Hubner, [1825]. Areniscythris includes a single described species, Areniscythris brachypteris Powell, but is defined more broadly to account for a number of undescribed species. Arotrura is divided into nine informal species groups with the following included species: Arotrura atascosa sp. nov., Arotrura balli sp. nov., Arotrura divaricata (Braun) comb, nov., Arotrura eburnea Walsingham, Arotrura formidabilis sp. nov., Arotrura hymenata sp. nov., Arotrura longissima sp. nov., Arotrura oxyplecta (Meyrick) comb, nov., Arotrura powelli sp. nov., and Arotrura sponsella (Busck) comb. nov. Asymmetrura includes: Asymmetrura albilineata (Walsingham) comb. nov., Asymmetrura graminivorella (Braun) comb. nov., Asymmetrura impositella (Zeller) comb. nov. and type species, Asymmetrura matutella (Clemens) comb, nov., Asymmetrura reducta (Braun) comb, nov., and Asymmetrura scintillifera (Braun) comb. nov. Neoscythris includes: Neoscythris confinis (Braun) comb, nov., Neoscythris euthia (Walsingham) comb. nov., Neoscythris fissirostris (Meyrick) comb. nov. and type species, and Neoscythris planipenella (Chambers) comb. nov. Rhamphura includes: Rhamphura altisierrae (Keifer) comb, nov., Rhamphura ochristriata (Walsingham) comb. nov. and type species, Rhamphura perspicillella (Walsingham) comb. nov., Rhamphura suffusa (Walsingham) comb. nov., and the extra-limital Rhamphura immunis (Meyrick) comb. nov. from Peru. Scythris s. str. includes: Scythris immaculatella (Chambers) rev. stat., Scythris limbella (Fabricius), Scythris mixaula Meyrick, Scythris trivinctella (Zeller), and Scythris ypsilon Braun. A further eight species are phylogenetically distinct from Scythris s. str. but provisionally are only assigned to five informal monophyletic lineages until their cladistic relationships are more firmly established. These are: the Scythris basilaris lineage including Scythris basilaris (Zeller), Scythris eboracensis (Zeller), and Scythris fuscicomella (Clemens); the Scythris interrupta lineage including Scythris interrupta Braun; the Scythris inspersella lineage including Scythris inspersella (Hubner) and Scythris noricella (Zeller); the Scythris anthracina lineage including Scythris anthracina Braun; and the Scythris charon lineage including Scythris charon Meyrick. Three species are incertae sedis: Scythris inornatella (Chambers) comb, nov., Scythrispilosella (Zeller), and Scythris piratica Meyrick. Coleophora albacostella Chambers and Coleophora inornatella Chambers are transferred from the Coleophoridae. Scythris arizoniella (Kearfott) is transferred to the Coleophoridae [ Coleophora arizoniella (Kearfott) comb. nov.].The following new synonymy is proposed: Colinita Busck, 1907 =  Arotrura Walsingham, 1888; Gelechia aterrimella Walker, 1864 and Scythris epilobiella McDunnough, 1942 =  Scythris inspersella [Hubner, (1817)]; Scythris magnatella Busck, 1904 =  Scythris noricella (Zeller, 1843); Scythris pacifica McDunnough, 1927 =  Scythris immaculatella (Chambers, 1875); Coleophora albacostella Chambers, 1875 and Scythris hemidictyas Meyrick, 1928 =  Neoscythris planipenella (Chambers, 1875).A cladistic definition of the family is presented for the first time. The monophyly of the Scythrididae is supported by the following synapomorphies: very narrow ductus bursae, broad ductus seminalis anastomosed with the oviduct and the corpus bursae, lack of signum, unique shape of the apophyses of the metathoracic furca, tarsomeres 1–4 with two subapical spurs, aedeagus ankylosed, and origin of forewing veins R4 and R5 on a common stalk with R4 extended to the costa and R5 to the termen. Relationships of the Scythrididae within the Gelechioidea are discussed. Based on the cladistic analysis of 52 structural characters, phylogenetic relationships of supraspecific taxa are inferred. Two cladograms, one for the genera and one for the species groups of Arotrura , are presented and used in deriving the classification.","PeriodicalId":358634,"journal":{"name":"Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"35","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.4039/ENTM123160FV","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 35

Abstract

Genera and previously described species of Nearctic Scythrididae are revised for the first time, based on the study of adult structures. About 90 percent of the Nearctic fauna known in collections consists of undescribed species. The supraspecific taxa treated in this work encompass less than half of the Nearctic species diversity. Only six new species are described, all within the largest and structurally most diverse genus. The status of all nominal species is revised. Valid species are redescribed and their features illustrated. General problems in the systematics of the Scythrididae are discussed. A description of adult features of the family Scythrididae is providad. Extra-limital genera are briefly reviewed. A key to the Nearctic genera and informal supraspecific lineages is provided.Six genera, including three new, are treated: Areniscythris Powell, 1976, Arotrura Walsingham, 1888, Asymmetrura gen. nov., Neoscythris gen. nov., Rhamphura gen. nov., and Scythris s. str. Hubner, [1825]. Areniscythris includes a single described species, Areniscythris brachypteris Powell, but is defined more broadly to account for a number of undescribed species. Arotrura is divided into nine informal species groups with the following included species: Arotrura atascosa sp. nov., Arotrura balli sp. nov., Arotrura divaricata (Braun) comb, nov., Arotrura eburnea Walsingham, Arotrura formidabilis sp. nov., Arotrura hymenata sp. nov., Arotrura longissima sp. nov., Arotrura oxyplecta (Meyrick) comb, nov., Arotrura powelli sp. nov., and Arotrura sponsella (Busck) comb. nov. Asymmetrura includes: Asymmetrura albilineata (Walsingham) comb. nov., Asymmetrura graminivorella (Braun) comb. nov., Asymmetrura impositella (Zeller) comb. nov. and type species, Asymmetrura matutella (Clemens) comb, nov., Asymmetrura reducta (Braun) comb, nov., and Asymmetrura scintillifera (Braun) comb. nov. Neoscythris includes: Neoscythris confinis (Braun) comb, nov., Neoscythris euthia (Walsingham) comb. nov., Neoscythris fissirostris (Meyrick) comb. nov. and type species, and Neoscythris planipenella (Chambers) comb. nov. Rhamphura includes: Rhamphura altisierrae (Keifer) comb, nov., Rhamphura ochristriata (Walsingham) comb. nov. and type species, Rhamphura perspicillella (Walsingham) comb. nov., Rhamphura suffusa (Walsingham) comb. nov., and the extra-limital Rhamphura immunis (Meyrick) comb. nov. from Peru. Scythris s. str. includes: Scythris immaculatella (Chambers) rev. stat., Scythris limbella (Fabricius), Scythris mixaula Meyrick, Scythris trivinctella (Zeller), and Scythris ypsilon Braun. A further eight species are phylogenetically distinct from Scythris s. str. but provisionally are only assigned to five informal monophyletic lineages until their cladistic relationships are more firmly established. These are: the Scythris basilaris lineage including Scythris basilaris (Zeller), Scythris eboracensis (Zeller), and Scythris fuscicomella (Clemens); the Scythris interrupta lineage including Scythris interrupta Braun; the Scythris inspersella lineage including Scythris inspersella (Hubner) and Scythris noricella (Zeller); the Scythris anthracina lineage including Scythris anthracina Braun; and the Scythris charon lineage including Scythris charon Meyrick. Three species are incertae sedis: Scythris inornatella (Chambers) comb, nov., Scythrispilosella (Zeller), and Scythris piratica Meyrick. Coleophora albacostella Chambers and Coleophora inornatella Chambers are transferred from the Coleophoridae. Scythris arizoniella (Kearfott) is transferred to the Coleophoridae [ Coleophora arizoniella (Kearfott) comb. nov.].The following new synonymy is proposed: Colinita Busck, 1907 =  Arotrura Walsingham, 1888; Gelechia aterrimella Walker, 1864 and Scythris epilobiella McDunnough, 1942 =  Scythris inspersella [Hubner, (1817)]; Scythris magnatella Busck, 1904 =  Scythris noricella (Zeller, 1843); Scythris pacifica McDunnough, 1927 =  Scythris immaculatella (Chambers, 1875); Coleophora albacostella Chambers, 1875 and Scythris hemidictyas Meyrick, 1928 =  Neoscythris planipenella (Chambers, 1875).A cladistic definition of the family is presented for the first time. The monophyly of the Scythrididae is supported by the following synapomorphies: very narrow ductus bursae, broad ductus seminalis anastomosed with the oviduct and the corpus bursae, lack of signum, unique shape of the apophyses of the metathoracic furca, tarsomeres 1–4 with two subapical spurs, aedeagus ankylosed, and origin of forewing veins R4 and R5 on a common stalk with R4 extended to the costa and R5 to the termen. Relationships of the Scythrididae within the Gelechioidea are discussed. Based on the cladistic analysis of 52 structural characters, phylogenetic relationships of supraspecific taxa are inferred. Two cladograms, one for the genera and one for the species groups of Arotrura , are presented and used in deriving the classification.
新北极飞虱科的系统学(鳞翅目:飞虱总科):超种类群的系统发育和分类,并对已描述种进行了综述。
本文在对新北极剑虫科成虫结构研究的基础上,首次对新北极剑虫科属和已描述的种进行了修订。在已知的新北极动物群中,约有90%是未被描述的物种。在这项工作中处理的超种分类群包括不到一半的新北极物种多样性。只有6个新物种被描述,都属于最大和结构最多样化的属。修订了所有名义种的状况。对有效物种进行重新描述,并说明其特征。讨论了剑齿虎科系统学中的一般问题。本文提供了一份关于剑齿虎科成虫特征的描述。简要回顾了极限外属。提供了新北极属和非正式超种谱系的关键。本文研究了6个属,包括3个新属:Areniscythris Powell, 1976, Arotrura Walsingham, 1888, Asymmetrura gen. nov., Neoscythris gen. nov., Rhamphura gen. nov.和Scythris s. str. Hubner,[1825]。Areniscythris包括一个被描述的物种,Areniscythris brachypteris Powell,但被定义得更广泛,以解释一些未被描述的物种。大腹小腹分为9个非正式的类群,包括以下种类:大腹小腹、圆腹小腹、小腹小腹(Braun)梳状小腹、小腹小腹(eburnea Walsingham)、大腹小腹、膜状小腹(hymenata sp. nov)、长腹小腹(longissima sp. nov)、小腹小腹(Meyrick)梳状小腹、小腹小腹(powelli sp. nov)和小腹小腹(Busck)梳状小腹。11 .非对称梳包括:非对称梳(Walsingham)。11月,不对称禾本科草(Braun)梳。11月,不对称冠状菌(Zeller)梳。11月和模式种,matutella (Clemens)梳子,11月,Asymmetrura reducta (Braun)梳子,11月,和Asymmetrura scintillifera (Braun)梳子。11月新鸟属包括:新鸟属(Braun)梳子,11月新鸟属(Walsingham)梳子。11月,新绥螨(Meyrick)梳。11和模式种,和新丝蝇(室)梳。十一月,Rhamphura altisierrae (Keifer)梳子,十一月,Rhamphura ochristriata (Walsingham)梳子。11月和模式种,Rhamphura perspicillella (Walsingham)梳子。11月,Rhamphura suffusa (Walsingham)梳子。11月,和超限的hamphura immunis (Meyrick)梳子。11月来自秘鲁。Scythris s. str包括:Scythris immaculatella(钱伯斯),Scythris limbella(法布里修斯),Scythris mixaula Meyrick, Scythris trivinctella(泽勒)和Scythris ypsilon Braun。另外8个物种在系统发育上与Scythris s. str.不同,但暂时只被分配到5个非正式的单系谱系,直到它们的分支关系更牢固地建立起来。这些是:基色镰刀虫谱系,包括基色镰刀虫(泽勒),波拉克斯镰刀虫(泽勒)和fuscicomella基色镰刀虫(克莱门斯);Scythris interrupta谱系包括Scythris interrupta Braun;Scythris inspersella谱系,包括Scythris inspersella (Hubner)和Scythris noricella (Zeller);Scythris anthraacina谱系,包括Scythris anthracina Braun;以及Scythris charon的血统,包括Scythris charon Meyrick。有三种是无性的:无性Scythris inornatella (Chambers) comb, nov., Scythrispilosella (Zeller)和Scythris piratica Meyrick。青花青花和青花青花是从青花科转来的。镰刀镰刀(Scythris arizonella, Kearfott)是将镰刀镰刀科(Coleophora arizonella, Kearfott)的梳子。11月)。提出以下新同义词:Colinita Busck, 1907 = Arotrura Walsingham, 1888;Gelechia aterrimella Walker(1864)和Scythris epilobiella McDunnough (1942) = Scythris inspersella [Hubner, (1817)];Scythris magnatella Busck, 1904 = Scythris noricella (Zeller, 1843);Scythris pacifica McDunnough, 1927 = Scythris immaculatella (Chambers, 1875);Coleophora albacostella Chambers, 1875和Scythris hemidictyas Meyrick, 1928 = Neoscythris planipenella (Chambers, 1875)。第一次提出了家庭的分类定义。滑囊管非常狭窄,精索管与输卵管和滑囊体吻合,宽,缺少骨钉,后胸椎突起形状独特,跗骨1-4有两个根尖下刺,喙骨紧密,前脉R4和R5起源于同一柄,其中R4延伸至颈部,R5延伸至尾部。讨论了飞虱科中飞虱科的关系。通过对52个结构特征的枝源分析,推测了超种类群的系统发育关系。本文提出了两个枝状图,一个为属,一个为种群,并用于推导其分类。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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