Optimal Design of Dual band Microstrip Patch Antenna Array based on Greatest Common Divisor and Particle Swarm Optimization

Abstract

This paper presents the optimal design of two dimensional sparse array based on greatest common divisor (GCD) and Particle swarm optimization (PSO). On studying the coarray properties of two dimensional arrays based on greatest common divisor, it is observed that the array based on greatest common divisor has better side lobe properties compared to regular rectangular array. The number of elements of array based on GCD can be further reduced by selectively removing some of elements. In this work elements are removed based on concept that redundancy of coarray should be located at lower lags and holes are located at higher lags. Ones the sparse array obtained from above procedure, the length and width of individual elements are optimized for achieving gain at two frequencies using Particle swarm optimization (PSO). Simulated results well agree with our expectations.