List of figures

Abstract

Figure 1 Example of a gesture realizing a syntactic slot 2 Figure 2 Conception of an event in terms of progressivity (adopted from Langacker 2008a: 65) 6 Figure 3 Discourse in Cognitive Grammar (adopted from Langacker 2001: 145) 9 Figure 4 Multiple channels of viewing frames (adopted from Langacker 2001: 146) 10 Figure 5 The stabilization and pragmaticalization of simultaneous structures in the variants of the Cyclic gesture 29 Figure 6 Linear structures according to Kendon (2004: ch. 7) 31 Figure 7 Cross-cultural comparison of the Cyclic gesture (Ruth-Hirrel and Ladewig in preparation) 36 Figure 8 Lexemes showing a circular motion in German Sign Language (DGS) 38 Figure 9 (a) Uniand multimodal constructions (Lanwer 2017: (2); (b) uniand multimodal constructions including gestural schematicity constructions, modified version of Lanwer’s model 40 Figure 10 Semantic relationships between speech and gestures (based on Bressem, Ladewig and Müller 2013: 1111–1112) 48 Figure 11 Pragmatic relationships of speech and gesture (based on Bressem, Ladewig and Müller 2013: 1113) 49 Figure 12 Syntax relationships of speech and gesture (based on Bressem, Ladewig and Müller 2013: 1109–1110) 53 Figure 13 Sequential integration of gestures into speech 56 Figure 14 Grounding process exemplified in a nominal consisting of a determiner and a noun (taken from Taylor 2003: 346) 59 Figure 15 Transcript of the example “Ich wollte dieses (‘I wanted this’ )” 62 Figure 16 Grounding of nouns according to Langacker (2008a: 276) 63 Figure 17 Syntactic analysis of the example “Ich wollte dieses (‘I wanted this’ )” 64 Figure 18 Transcript of the example “und wir hinten (‘and we from the back’ )” 66 Figure 19 Syntactic analysis of the example “und wir hinten (‘and we from the back’ )” 67 Figure 20 Distribution of gestures over syntactic slots according to the findings of the speech-only condition 69 Figure 21 Lexical items elicited in the speech-only condition for the examples “ich wollte dieses (‘I wanted this’)” and “und wir hinten (‘and we from the back’)” 71 Figure 22 Lexical items elicited in the gesture-only condition for all 66 samples 73 Figure 23 Lexical items elicited in the gesture-only condition for the examples “ich wollte dieses (‘I wanted this’)” and “und wir hinten (‘and we from the back’)” 74 Figure 24 Syntactic categories used by the participants to describe a gesture realizing nominal and verbal slots (multimodal utterance condition) 78