Review of Li- Ion Battery Thermal Management Methods and Mitigating Techniques: 2/3 W Electric Vehicle for Tropical Climatic Condition

Abstract

The quantum of transient heat generated and subsequent transient temperature is interdependent non linear functionality with several boundary conditions affecting the lithium ion battery pack performance with transient heat conduction under tangible operating and ambient temperature has a substantial short and long term impact on the electrical performance, life, reliability and safety of lithium-ion batteries.

In the tropical condition, the variation in ambient temperature of lithium ion battery pack for 2/3 wheeler is comparatively high and varies from + 25oC to +55oC because of higher atmospheric temperature as well as the batteries having less thermal evacuation system and ventilation because of lack of space and other constraints, thus exerting constantly higher but variable thermal stress like temperature gradients, thermal expansion or contraction and thermal shocks causes irreparable aging and degradation effect.

It is essential to quantify the transient heat generation and temperature distribution of a battery cell, module, and pack during different operating conditions with methodologies for its proficient management and mitigating techniques.

The demand for thermal management is multi prong to maintain the temperature of batteries within the safe operating temperature range zone and the non-uniform temperature distribution must remain within the range of the reference limit for the purpose of preventing the occurring of thermal runaway for favorable working performance.

The objective of thermal management is to device suitable monitoring and measurement, designing the suitable thermal path to expel heat generated and suitable mechanism for prevention of breakdown.

In this paper, the comparative transient temperature distributions across two identical battery packs(48V24Ah (15S4P) series parallel connected lithium-ion Ferro phosphate cell), one without any thermal management system and other with thermal management system are studied under various charging and discharging currents with various ambient temperature range, similar to tropical region for checking the effectiveness of designed thermal management system of the battery pack