The Occurrence of Non-pulsating Stars in the gamma Doradus/delta Scuti Pulsation Instability Region

Abstract

Abstract As part of the NASA KeplerGuest Observer program, we requested and obtained long-cadence data on about 2700 faint (Kepler magnitude 14-16) stars with effective temperatures and surface gravities that lie near or within the pulsation instability region for main-sequence gamma Doradus and delta Scuti pulsating variables. These variables are of spectral type A-F with masses 1.4 to 2.5 solar masses. The delta Scuti stars pulsate in radial and non-radial acoustic modes, with periods of a few hours (frequencies ~10 cycles/day), while gamma Doradus variables pulsate in nonradial gravity modes with periods 0.3 to 3 days (frequencies ~1 cycle/day). Here we consider the light curves and Fourier transforms of 633 stars in an unbiased sample observed by Kepler in Quarters 6-13 (June 201 0-June 2012). We show the location of these stars in the log surface gravity-effective temperature diagram compared to the instability region limits established from ground-based observations, and taking into account uncertainties and biases in the KeplerInput Catalog Teff values. While hundreds of variables have been discovered in the Keplerdata, about 60% of the stars in our sample do not show any frequencies between 0.2 and 24.4 cycles/day with amplitude above 20 parts per million. We find that six of these apparently constant stars lie within the instability region. We discuss some possible reasons that these stars do not show photometric variability in the Keplerdata. We also comment on the ‘nonconstant’ stars, and find 26 variable star candidates, many of which also do not lie within the expected instability region.