EMOTIONAL BURNING OF PERSONALITY: PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEM

Abstract

The article provides a theoretical and methodological analysis of the phenomenon of emotional burnout. It has been determined that emotional burnout is a complex, multifaceted phenomenon, arising as a stress response to production and emotional demands arising from excessive devotion to one's work with the accompanying contempt for family life or leisure. This condition occurs due to the internal accumulation of negative emotions without the appropriate "discharge" or "release" from them. It is noted that this phenomenon is a symptom complex, the action of which covers all major structural levels of personality. The main approaches, principles, features, factors that contribute to the emergence of this syndrome are analyzed. Personal factors of emotional burnout include: introversion, reactivity, authoritarianism, low self-esteem, low empathy, dissatisfaction with the profession and professional growth. The role risk factors of burnout include: role conflict, role uncertainty, role overload. The organizational factor is related to the conditions and features of the specialist. It is emphasized that emotional burnout is a combination of three factors: physical, emotional and cognitive exhaustion or fatigue. Models of emotional burnout are described, the peculiarities of the influence of this syndrome on the personality in professional activity are revealed. It is established that burnout is a specific human condition that occurs due to long-term stress and manifests itself in various life situations. There are types of reactions to stress, similar to the effects of "burnout": the reaction of emotional imbalance, characterized by a clear predominance of negative emotions; pessimistic situational reaction, expressed, first of all, by change of world outlook, negative thoughts and estimations of the world and itself, restructuring of system of values; situational reaction of demobilization, which is determined by the refusal of habitual contacts, their significant limitation, which causes persistent, prolonged and painful experiences of loneliness; situational reaction of the opposition, characterized by the degree of aggression, high sharpness of negative assessments of others and their activities; situational reaction of disorganization, which is based on an alarming component.