COVID-19 Supply Chain Risks and Environmental Impact Assessment

Abstract

This article describes the risks and environmental impacts associated with COVID-19 supply chain activities from production of vaccines to the ultimate disposal of personal protective equipment (PPE). The benefits and harm to the environment arising from preventive measures such as lockdown, wearing masks, travel restrictions, and hand washing are described. Three tools are used in the evaluation: (a) evaluation of risks in the supply chain using failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA), (b) evaluation of risks due to social behavior, using the tool RIKA and (c) environmental impact assessment. Risk communication and risk mitigation strategies are described. COVID-19 presents us an ideal opportunity to learn from the benefits and adopt measures to minimize environmental harm.