Problems of the development of the national innovation system of Kazakhstan and increasing its competitiveness

Abstract

The national innovation system is the most important factor in achieving the competitive advantages of innovative business, provides access to the necessary resources, including financial ones, the need for which is most acute in the implementation of innovative projects. The article examines the functioning of the national innovation system, where the importance of innovation in the activities of modern enterprises is determined. The study analyzes the structure of the NIS, its functioning, and determines the activity of regional forms of the innovation system. The characteristic of the Institute for the development of methods of financing innovative developments is given. The role of ministries in financing R&D vertically and the National Agency for Technological Development and the DAMU Foundation vertically is established. They provide significant support to the development of the innovation system and increase the innovation activity of domestic enterprises. NIS infrastructure and development institutions generate and transform scientific knowledge into new technologies, products, services, as well as ensure their commercialization. The article notes that one of the main directions of state policy in the field of scientific, technical and innovative activities is the creation of specialized subjects of an innovative nature, such as technoparks, technological business incubators, technopolises, high-tech companies. The article also shows the characteristic disadvantages that are unfavorable for the development of innovation: the underdevelopment of links between university science and industry, the disconnection of the banking sector from lending to innovative processes, low innovation activity of private capital. Research methodology. The methodology is based on a comparative analysis, using the method of systematization, the method of statistical and economic analysis and synthesis, observation and collection of facts to determine the most effective ways to improve the competitiveness of the national innovation system. Based on the foregoing, we believe that business structures, sources of financing and government support directly affect the innovative development of the economy.