Sound Mixed-Precision Optimization with Rewriting

Abstract

Finite-precision arithmetic, widely used in embedded systems for numerical calculations, faces an inherent tradeoff between accuracy and efficiency. The points in this tradeoff space are determined, among other factors, by different data types but also evaluation orders. To put it simply, the shorter a precision's bit-length, the larger the roundoff error will be, but the faster the program will run. Similarly, the fewer arithmetic operations the program performs, the faster it will run; however, the effect on the roundoff error is less clear-cut. Manually optimizing the efficiency of finite-precision programs while ensuring that results remain accurate enough is challenging. The unintuitive and discrete nature of finite-precision makes estimation of roundoff errors difficult; furthermore the space of possible data types and evaluation orders is prohibitively large. We present the first fully automated and sound technique and tool for optimizing the performance of floating-point and fixed-point arithmetic kernels. Our technique combines rewriting and mixed-precision tuning. Rewriting searches through different evaluation orders to find one which minimizes the roundoff error at no additional runtime cost. Mixed-precision tuning assigns different finite precisions to different variables and operations and thus provides finer-grained control than uniform precision. We show that when these two techniques are designed and applied together, they can provide higher performance improvements than each alone.