Risk Factors and Outcomes of Permanent Pacemaker Implantation Following Aortic Valve and Mitral Valve Replacements

Abstract

Introduction: This study aimed to search risk factors for permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) following mitral valve and aortic valve replacements with/without tricuspid annuloplasty (TAP). Methods: This study retrospectively analysed patients undergoing aortic valve and mitral valve replacements with/without concomitant TAP from January 2014 to December 2017. A total 179 consecutive patients (48.0% men; with the mean age 51.7±13.7 years) were included into the study, 165 (92.17%) patients compromised PPI group and 14 (7.82%) compromised no-PPI group. Results: The two groups did not differ in age, gender, body mass index (BMI), diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HT), ejection fraction % (EF %) and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time ( p > 0.05). The PPI group had smaller sizes of mechanical or biological aortic valves (p ˂ 0.05), with significantly higher rate of baseline atrial fibrillation (AF) (p ˂ 0.05). The late mortality rates were 10.9%, 35.7% in the no-PPI and the PPI groups, respectively (p 0.05). The PPI group had significantly higher > 2+ postoperative TR (p 0.05). Discussion and Conclusion: The sizes of mechanical or biological aortic valves were significantly smaller in the PPI group, which is may be due to the narrower and calcific aortic roots. The percentage of patients with baseline AF was greater in the PPI group. The significantly higher incidence of > 2+ postoperative TR among patients receiving PPIs can be deemed merely a result, but not a risk factor.