{"title":"Konstribusi Muhammad Aṭ-Ṭāhir Ibnu ‘Āsyūr terhadap Maqāṣid Asy-Syarī’ah","authors":"Darul Faizin","doi":"10.23971/elma.v11i1.2067","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the concept of Ibn ‘Āsyūr's maqāṣid asy-syarī'ah in his renewal of the previous maqāṣid asy-syarī'ah. Based on the results of the author's study, there are some important things that became the idea of renewing Ibn ‘Āsyūr; first: the idea of liberating (istiqlāl) maqāṣid asy-syarī'ah from the discipline of the Uṣūl Fiqh to become a discipline that stands alone. Second: three sources in establishing the maqāṣid asy-syarī'ah, namely; istiqrā', the Qur'an which has clear legal reasons, and the Sunnah mutawātir. Third: maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah has three levels (martabah), namely; definite (qaṭ’iy), approaching definite (qarīban min al-Qaṭ’iy), and conjecture (ẓanniy). Fourth: maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah is divided into two kinds; maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah al-‘ammah and maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah al-khaṣṣah. In the maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah al-‘ammah there are four basic foundations of the Shari'a; fitrah (al-fitrah), moderate (as-samāḥah), egalitarian (al-musāwāh) and freedom (al-hurriyah). Whereas maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah al-khaṣṣah works to implement maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah al-‘ammah in certain laws. Keywords : Ibnu ‘Āsyūr, maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah and uṣul fiqh . Tulisan ini membahas gagasan maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah Ibnu ‘Āsyūr dalam pembaharuannya terhadap maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah sebelumnya. Berdasarkan hasil telaah penulis, ada beberapa hal penting yang menjadi gagasan pembaharuan Ibnu ‘Āsyūr; pertama: gagasan membebaskan ( istiqlāl ) maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah dari disiplin ilmu usul fikih menjadi suatu disiplin ilmu yang berdiri sendiri. Kedua: tiga sumber dalam menetapkan maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah, yaitu; istiqrā’, al-Qur’an yang memiliki kejelasan alasan hukum, dan sunnah mutawātir . Ketiga: maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah memiliki tiga tingkatan ( martabah ), yaitu; pasti ( qaṭ’iy ), mendekati pasti ( qarīban min al-Qaṭ’iy ) , dan dugaan ( ẓanniy ). Keempat: maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah terbagi dua macam; maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah al-‘ammah dan maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah al-khaṣṣah . Dalam maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah al-‘ammah terdapat empat pondasi dasar syariat; fitrah ( al-fitrah ), moderat ( as-samāḥah ), egaliter ( al-musāwāh ) dan kebebasan ( al-hurriyah ). Sedangkan maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah al-khaṣṣah bekerja mengimplementasikan maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah al-‘ammah dalam hukum-hukum tertentu. Kata Kunci : Ibnu ‘Āsyūr, maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah dan uṣul fiqh .","PeriodicalId":422421,"journal":{"name":"El-Mashlahah","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"El-Mashlahah","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.23971/elma.v11i1.2067","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of Ibn ‘Āsyūr's maqāṣid asy-syarī'ah in his renewal of the previous maqāṣid asy-syarī'ah. Based on the results of the author's study, there are some important things that became the idea of renewing Ibn ‘Āsyūr; first: the idea of liberating (istiqlāl) maqāṣid asy-syarī'ah from the discipline of the Uṣūl Fiqh to become a discipline that stands alone. Second: three sources in establishing the maqāṣid asy-syarī'ah, namely; istiqrā', the Qur'an which has clear legal reasons, and the Sunnah mutawātir. Third: maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah has three levels (martabah), namely; definite (qaṭ’iy), approaching definite (qarīban min al-Qaṭ’iy), and conjecture (ẓanniy). Fourth: maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah is divided into two kinds; maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah al-‘ammah and maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah al-khaṣṣah. In the maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah al-‘ammah there are four basic foundations of the Shari'a; fitrah (al-fitrah), moderate (as-samāḥah), egalitarian (al-musāwāh) and freedom (al-hurriyah). Whereas maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah al-khaṣṣah works to implement maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah al-‘ammah in certain laws. Keywords : Ibnu ‘Āsyūr, maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah and uṣul fiqh . Tulisan ini membahas gagasan maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah Ibnu ‘Āsyūr dalam pembaharuannya terhadap maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah sebelumnya. Berdasarkan hasil telaah penulis, ada beberapa hal penting yang menjadi gagasan pembaharuan Ibnu ‘Āsyūr; pertama: gagasan membebaskan ( istiqlāl ) maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah dari disiplin ilmu usul fikih menjadi suatu disiplin ilmu yang berdiri sendiri. Kedua: tiga sumber dalam menetapkan maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah, yaitu; istiqrā’, al-Qur’an yang memiliki kejelasan alasan hukum, dan sunnah mutawātir . Ketiga: maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah memiliki tiga tingkatan ( martabah ), yaitu; pasti ( qaṭ’iy ), mendekati pasti ( qarīban min al-Qaṭ’iy ) , dan dugaan ( ẓanniy ). Keempat: maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah terbagi dua macam; maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah al-‘ammah dan maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah al-khaṣṣah . Dalam maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah al-‘ammah terdapat empat pondasi dasar syariat; fitrah ( al-fitrah ), moderat ( as-samāḥah ), egaliter ( al-musāwāh ) dan kebebasan ( al-hurriyah ). Sedangkan maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah al-khaṣṣah bekerja mengimplementasikan maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah al-‘ammah dalam hukum-hukum tertentu. Kata Kunci : Ibnu ‘Āsyūr, maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah dan uṣul fiqh .