Radiological study of splenosis: A great mimicker of tumor a literature review with case reports

Abstract

Splenosis is a harmless condition after a splenic injury or a spleen removal. It is heterotopic autotransplantation of splenic tissue seen inside the abdominal and pelvic holes. On imaging, various conditions can be differential diagnosis with splenosis, including metastatic infection, peritoneal carcinoma, peritoneal mesothelioma, stomach lymphoma, renal disease, hepatic adenomas, or endometriosis, dependent on its transmission. This review aims to increase public knowledge of this condition to avoid needless biopsies, surgeries, or treatments. Methods: We searched the PubMed and Scopus databases for relevant literature from 2002 through 2022 using the Medical Subject Headings Splenosis, Radiological, and Radionuclide diagnostic tools. In total, Thirty-five cases of splenosis were identified and reviewed. Conclusion: Splenosis should always be considered a differential diagnosis for soft tissue nodules in the abdomen and pelvis in patients with splenic surgery or trauma, especially without systemic symptoms. The literature documented only a few examples of splenosis, along with the radiologic features of these lesions. We review instances of splenosis identified by Scintigraphy, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and ultrasound. Our research expects this review to be considered a unique to compare the diagnosis made by radiologic and Radionuclide testing without any other form of treatment.