1a Virus transmission by allogenous blood and blood components

Bailliere's clinical anaesthesiology Pub Date : 1997-06-01 DOI:10.1016/S0950-3501(97)80023-2

MD, PhD Hans Vrielink (Senior Scientist), MD, PhD Henk W. Reesink (Medical Director)

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Abstract

Infectious agents, especially viruses, can be transmitted by human blood products to recipients. Of major importance are viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus 1 and 2 (HIV-1/2), hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HBC), and human T-cell leukaemia virus type I and II. Also, other viruses such as cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, human parvovirus B19, and hepatitis A and G virus can be transmitted by infected blood products. Various methods are applied to prevent the transmission of blood-borne agents to recipients, for example donor selection, testing for various infectious agents of all blood donations and viral inactivation of plasma derivatives. With all these precautionary measures, the estimated risk for infection by screened blood products in Europe and the USA is approximately 1 in 50 000 to 1 in 600 000 (for HBV, HCV and HIV-1/2) per transfused blood product. In the future, the safety of blood products will probably be increased by testing all blood donations with nucleic acid amplification techniques and by (photo)chemical decontamination of cellular blood components.

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病毒通过异体血液和血液成分传播

传染因子，特别是病毒，可通过人血液制品传播给受者。最重要的是病毒，如人类免疫缺陷病毒1和2 (HIV-1/2)、乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)和丙型肝炎病毒(HBC)，以及人类t细胞白血病病毒I型和II型。此外，其他病毒如巨细胞病毒、eb病毒、人细小病毒B19、甲型和丙型肝炎病毒也可通过受感染的血液制品传播。采用了各种方法来防止血源性媒介向受者传播，例如选择供者、检测所有献血的各种感染媒介和血浆衍生物的病毒灭活。在采取了所有这些预防措施后，欧洲和美国经筛选的血液制品的感染风险估计约为每次输血血液制品的5万分之一至60万分之一(针对HBV、HCV和hiv /2)。未来，通过核酸扩增技术检测所有献血者，并对细胞血液成分进行(照片)化学净化，可能会提高血液制品的安全性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Bailliere's clinical anaesthesiology

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