A Study on Particles used with Adverbs in Japanese

Abstract

Japanese is a language among Transeurasian languages embedding a substantial number of similarities to Turkish; however, there appear many differences as deeper analyses are carried out. It bears outstanding features both in terms of the differences in the writing system and in terms of the structural differences of the elements used in sentences. As a matter of fact, from a grammatical point of view, there are some cases where some terms in Turkish do not exactly overlap their Japanese counterparts. The number of Japanese linguists who argue that the Turkish equivalent of the words called joshi (particle), which is one of the parts of speech in Japanese, does not exactly correspond to the part of speech, which is the ilgeç (edat), is increasing rapidly. There are also researchers categorizing this part of speech as a noun case suffix instead of ilgeç (edat) because it is affixed to nouns in Turkish. From this perspective, in order to remain in the realm of Japanese studies, to refer to the grammatical structure which is the subject of this study, the term ilgeç (edat) (particle) is employed in the present research. The presence of particles which are frequently used in sentences patterned with adverbs「adverb + particle(s)」shows that they are part of a formally different formation in the form of adverbs in Japanese. In this research, the forms of adverbs in this structure existing in sentences are discussed by analyzing the reading texts and sample sentences in various intermediate level grammar books. The aim of the study is to determine, in general terms, which of the particles of this type are used with adverbs and which cannot be used with adverbs in Japanese. Thanks to the light shed by the findings obtained, it was understood that the particles「と(to)」and「に(ni)」were the particles most frequently used as a pattern with the adverbs in Japanese. Moreover, the other particles used with adverbs are shown in tables.