J. Corbett, J. Dean, Michael Epstein, Andrew Fikes, Christopher Frost, J. Furman, S. Ghemawat, Andrey Gubarev, Christopher Heiser, P. Hochschild, Wilson C. Hsieh, Sebastian Kanthak, Eugene Kogan, Hongyi Li, Alexander Lloyd, S. Melnik, David Mwaura, D. Nagle, Sean Quinlan, Rajesh Rao, Lindsay Rolig, Yasushi Saito, Michal Szymaniak, Christopher Taylor, Ruth Wang, Dale Woodford
{"title":"Spanner","authors":"J. Corbett, J. Dean, Michael Epstein, Andrew Fikes, Christopher Frost, J. Furman, S. Ghemawat, Andrey Gubarev, Christopher Heiser, P. Hochschild, Wilson C. Hsieh, Sebastian Kanthak, Eugene Kogan, Hongyi Li, Alexander Lloyd, S. Melnik, David Mwaura, D. Nagle, Sean Quinlan, Rajesh Rao, Lindsay Rolig, Yasushi Saito, Michal Szymaniak, Christopher Taylor, Ruth Wang, Dale Woodford","doi":"10.1145/2491245","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Spanner is Google’s scalable, multiversion, globally distributed, and synchronously replicated database. It is the first system to distribute data at global scale and support externally-consistent distributed transactions. This article describes how Spanner is structured, its feature set, the rationale underlying various design decisions, and a novel time API that exposes clock uncertainty. This API and its implementation are critical to supporting external consistency and a variety of powerful features: nonblocking reads in the past, lock-free snapshot transactions, and atomic schema changes, across all of Spanner.","PeriodicalId":318554,"journal":{"name":"ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2012-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1406","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2491245","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1406
Abstract
Spanner is Google’s scalable, multiversion, globally distributed, and synchronously replicated database. It is the first system to distribute data at global scale and support externally-consistent distributed transactions. This article describes how Spanner is structured, its feature set, the rationale underlying various design decisions, and a novel time API that exposes clock uncertainty. This API and its implementation are critical to supporting external consistency and a variety of powerful features: nonblocking reads in the past, lock-free snapshot transactions, and atomic schema changes, across all of Spanner.
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