Perceptibility of watermarked 3D meshes using a multimodal visuo-haptic interface

Abstract

In this paper, a preliminary study is conducted in order to measure and analyze the perceptibility of a watermarked 3D virtual object when (1) visual feedback is present, and when (2) visual and haptic feedback are simultaneously available. More specifically, our experiments are intended to assess whether looking at, and touching a 3D mesh could in fact improve the perceptibility of a watermark as opposed to only performing a visual assessment. Preliminary results obtained revealed that this hypothesis is in fact true, and thus can potentially significantly impact the field of 3D digital watermarking; further experiments are however required in order to confirm this conclusion. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first in the literature to conduct experiments for the analysis of watermark perceptibility of 3D objects while using a multimodal visuo-haptic interface.