Study of intestinal dysbiosis (“dysbacteriosis”): state of problem and new trends

Abstract

Intestinal dysbiosis (“dysbacteriosis”) is a clinical and laboratory (clinical and microbiological) secondary syndrome that develops in a number of diseases and clinical syndromes and is characterized by changes in the quantitative and qualitative (species) composition of microbial associations (normal flora) in certain biotopes (large and small intestine) with the translocation of its various representatives into unusual biotopes. The main causes of the development of colic dysbiosis are: antibacterial therapy with the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics; hormone therapy; use of cytostatics; radiation therapy; bowel surgery; acute intestinal infectious diseases (dysentery, salmonellosis, etc.); immunodeficiency states of various genesis; unbalanced nutrition; lack of dietary fiber; excessive consumption of preservatives and xenobiotics; intestinal movement disorders (chronic constipation, diarrhea); mental stress conditions, etc. There are direct (bacteriological cultures) and indirect (determination of short-chain volatile fatty acids by gas-liquid chromatography, respiratory tests, etc.) methods for diagnosing intestinal dysbiosis. Treatment of intestinal dysbiosis (“dysbacteriosis”) should be individualized and complex, taking into account its severity (degree), preferential localization (colon, small intestine), nature of the prevailing conditionally pathogenic microflora, presence of clinical symptoms and its characteristic features. Adequate treating of the underlying disease that caused intestinal dysbiosis; restoration of the impaired functions of the intestine, its parietal (contact, membrane) and abdominal digestion; increasing the overall resistance of the organism due to the restoration of its immunological and non-specific protection; correction of dysbiosis of the colon and small intestine are crucial. Diet, intestinal antibiotics, pro-, prebiotics, synbiotics are important components of treatment. In recent years, fecal transplantation has been more widely applied.