Neonicotinoid Insecticides: A Threat to Pollinators

M. Imran
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

Pollination is the fundamental requirement for healthier fruit set. More than 90% of flowering plant species in the hot and humid regions required pollination. Many plants species required animal pollination. Among these animals, insects play a vital role in pollination, and among the major insect pollinators, hymenopterans, honeybees, and bumblebees are regarded as the best pollinators of the crops around the world. Declining population of these important pollinators day by day is a major threat, and this declining is due to a variety of stressors. Among these possible reasons including environmental conditions, parasites, predators, malnutrition, and diseases, many researchers pointed finger at pesticides as playing a major role especially neonicotinoid. Neonicotinoids move in the environment and can be found throughout the areas where they are not applied. Neonicotinoids can drift offsite directly exposing bees and contaminate nontargeted areas when applied as spray. During plant uptake, neonicotinoid spreads through plant tissues and disrupts the physiology of pollen eaters, nectar feeders, and the insects that feed upon plant tissues. Therefore, the use of neonicotinoid is the major reason for the decline of bees in the world. So it is requested to all farmers and researchers to please find ways to kill pests not pollinators.
新烟碱类杀虫剂:对传粉媒介的威胁
授粉是健康果实的基本要求。湿热地区90%以上的开花植物需要授粉。许多植物需要动物授粉。在这些动物中,昆虫在传粉中起着至关重要的作用,在主要的传粉昆虫中,膜翅目昆虫、蜜蜂和大黄蜂被认为是世界上最好的作物传粉者。这些重要传粉媒介的数量日益减少是一个主要威胁,这种下降是由于各种压力因素造成的。在这些可能的原因中,包括环境条件、寄生虫、捕食者、营养不良和疾病,许多研究人员指出农药起了主要作用,尤其是新烟碱类。新烟碱类杀虫剂在环境中移动,在没有使用它们的地区到处都可以找到。新烟碱类杀虫剂可以飘离现场,直接暴露蜜蜂,并在喷洒时污染非目标区域。在植物吸收过程中,新烟碱通过植物组织传播,扰乱食花粉者、食花蜜者和以植物组织为食的昆虫的生理机能。因此,新烟碱类杀虫剂的使用是世界上蜜蜂数量下降的主要原因。因此,我们要求所有的农民和研究人员找到杀死害虫而不是传粉者的方法。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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