Collective Rights Organizations: A Guide to Benefits, Costs and Antitrust Safeguards

R. Gilbert
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

Collective rights organizations (CROs) are patent pools, copyright collectives and cross-licensing arrangements that coordinate the licensing of intellectual property rights. CROs can have efficiency benefits by reducing transaction costs, eliminating royalty stacking and resolving conflicting claims by rights owners. However, CROs also can have potential antitrust risks by raising prices, excluding competition for technology rights or downstream products, shielding weak patents and reducing incentives for innovation. The availability of independent licensing mitigates but does not eliminate the risk of anticompetitive practices by a collective rights organization. Antitrust enforcers should be vigilant about collective rights organizations that may harm competition while also respecting the large benefits that these institutions can create for consumers.
集体权利组织:利益、成本和反垄断保障指南
集体权利组织(cro)是协调知识产权许可的专利池、版权集体和交叉许可安排。cro可以通过降低交易成本、消除版税叠加和解决权利所有者的冲突主张来提高效率。然而,通过提高价格、排除对技术权利或下游产品的竞争、保护薄弱专利和减少创新激励,cro也可能存在潜在的反垄断风险。独立许可的可用性减轻了但不能消除集体权利组织反竞争做法的风险。反垄断执法者应该对可能损害竞争的集体权利组织保持警惕,同时也要尊重这些机构可以为消费者创造的巨大利益。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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