A report on 33 unrecorded bacterial species of Korea isolated in 2014, belonging to the class Gammaproteobacteria

Abstract

The class Gammaproteobacteria forms the largest phylogenetic group (at least 180 genera and over 750 species) in the phylum Proteobacteia and members of the class show diverse metabolic pathways and phenotypes (Garrity et al., 2005; Kersters et al., 2006; Williams et al., 2010). In general, all organisms in this class are unicellular and mostly rods, and are abundant in various freshwater habitats (Kim et al., 2012a; Zhang et al., 2014; Keller-Costa et al., 2014), seawater habitats (Giovannoni et al., 1990; Cho and Giovannoni, 2004; Du et al., 2009; Yan et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2012), and guts of animal (Kersters et al., 2006; Williams et al., 2010). The class Gammaproteobacteria contains photosynthetic purple sulfur bacteria (Chromatiales) together with a great number of familiar chemoheterotrophic groups, such as En­ terobacteriales, Legionellales, Pasteurellales, Pseudo­ monadales, and also some chemolithotrophic sulfur and iron-oxidizing bacteria group (Kersters et al., 2006). Based on the branching pattern in the 16S rRNA gene trees, the class Gammaproteobacteria has been currently divided into 16 main orders (Parte, 2014): Aeromonad­ ales, Alteromonadales, Arenicellales, Cardiobacteriales, Chromatiales, Enterobacteriales, Legionellales, Methy­ lococcales, Oceanospirillales, Orbales, Pasteurellales, Pseudomonadales, Salinisphaerales, Thiotrichales, Vib­ rionales, Xanthomonadales (Garrity et al., 2005; Kersters et al., 2006; Williams et al., 2010). As a part of the research program of ‘The survey of Korean indigenous species’, during 2014 we collected diverse environmental samples including ginseng field Journal of Species Research 5(2):241-253, 2016