Evaluation of Human Periodontal Ligament and Osteosarcoma Cell Attachment and Viability on Particulate Bone and Dentin Allografts

Abstract

Purpose: Various bone grafting substitutes have been used in the periodontics for bone regeneration which include autografts, allografts, xenografts and alloplasts. Autogenous particulate dentin has been used successfully as a bone grafting substitute. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of demineralized and mineralized freeze-dried bone allograft and particulate dentin on osteoblasts-like cells and human periodontal fibroblasts. Materials and methods: Demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) and freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA) and ground dentin was used in the study. Particulate dentin was divided into four groups according to the size of the particles and demineralization - small dentin (particle size less than 200 µm), small dentin demineralized, large dentin (particle size 250-1200 µm), large dentin demineralized. Effect of all the specimens was checked on osteoblast-like cells (MG63) and human periodontal ligament cell lines. Percentage of surviving cells was measured using colorimetric MTT assay spectrophotometrically on 7th and 14th day of the cell culture. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to check the cellular attachment. Results: Demineralized dentin matrix has shown significantly enhanced viable cell percentage for both the cell lines. DFDBA and demineralized dentin has reported comparable percentage of surviving cells. Dentin seems to be more compatible with osteoblastslike cells than fibroblast. FDBA has shown the least favorable results. Cellular attachment for both the cell lines can be appreciated on SEM images. Conclusion: Demineralized particulate dentin has reported considerable percentage of cell viability making it a reasonable option for bone grafting substitute.